Free Topic-Wise General Studies MCQs
This MCQ set focuses on the International Solar Alliance and India's leadership for UPSC preparation. It covers the OSOWOG initiative and the role of the ISA in achieving global renewable energy targets. The set examines technical programs like STAR-C and the institutional framework of the Gurugram headquartered organization.
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Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) indeed has a dedicated programme for research and development in solar energy, focusing on areas such as solar technology innovation and grid integration to promote the use of solar energy. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA has 101 member countries, with the majority being sunshine countries located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which receive abundant sunlight throughout the year. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA was launched by India and France at COP21 to the UNFCCC in Paris on November 30, 2015, marking a significant diplomatic effort to promote solar energy globally.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because India pledged to provide a $2 billion line of credit to ISA member countries to support solar energy projects during the first assembly of the ISA in 2018. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA launched the 'Solar Technology Innovation Resource Centre' to facilitate innovation and deployment of solar technologies, enhancing the capabilities of its member countries. Statement 3 is correct because the 'One Sun One World One Grid' initiative is indeed an ISA proposal aiming to create a global grid for transferring solar energy across borders, promoting global cooperation and efficient use of solar resources.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched in 2015 and as of 2022, it has indeed grown to include 101 member countries, most of which are located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, making them sun-rich countries ideal for solar energy production. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the World Bank in 2018 to facilitate the implementation of solar projects in its member countries, leveraging the World Bank's financial and technical expertise. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA has initiated various programs to promote solar energy, including applications for lighting and cooking, aiming to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and enhance energy access in rural areas.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is indeed open to 121 countries that lie between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which receive abundant sunlight throughout the year. Statement 3 is correct as the ISA was launched by India and France on November 30, 2015, at COP21 to the UNFCCC. Statement 2 is incorrect because ISA membership is not restricted to Commonwealth countries; it is open to all countries that meet the geographical criteria, regardless of their membership in the Commonwealth.
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because India signed an agreement with France on January 25, 2016, to establish the ISA headquarters in Gurugram, Haryana, and it was formally inaugurated on March 11, 2018. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA was actually launched by India and France at the COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, and is not under the auspices of the UNDP. Statement 2 is incorrect because the actual eligibility criterion for ISA membership is being a United Nations member state or having a diplomatic mission to the UN, with no specific solar irradiance requirement.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA has indeed undertaken efforts to map solar resources, but the specifics of the resolution and completion for all member countries need verification. Statement 2 is false as the ISA makes solar resource mapping data available to its member countries, not limited to G20 members. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Global Solar Resource Mapping project is actually led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in partnership with the ISA, not the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the ISA has indeed launched the 'Solar Payment Guarantee Fund' and 'Solar Insurance Facility' as part of its financial mechanisms to mitigate risks and enhance the bankability of solar projects. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA Assembly has endorsed the 'Common Risk Mitigation Mechanism (CRMM)' to reduce the cost of capital for solar projects, thereby making solar energy more viable. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA promotes various solar technologies, not just crystalline silicon, and does not mandate the use of a specific technology for projects funded under its financial mechanisms.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance was indeed launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, marking a significant step in global cooperation on renewable energy. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA has grown to include 101 member countries, most of which are located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, thereby being 'sunshine countries' with abundant solar resources. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA's primary objective is to promote solar energy deployment through cooperation, knowledge sharing, and investment mobilization among its member countries, aligning with its mission to foster a global solar energy ecosystem.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched in 2015 by India and France to promote solar energy among its member countries by reducing the cost of solar energy through increased research and development and deployment of solar energy technologies. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA has indeed grown to include 101 member countries as of 2022, primarily from sunny regions around the world, aligning with its goal to harness solar energy. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA's 'Towards 1000' strategy aims to mobilize $1 trillion in investments in solar energy by 2030, promoting a significant shift towards renewable energy sources.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched in 2015 by India and France, and as of now, it has 101 member countries, most of which are indeed sun-rich countries located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Statement 2 is correct as India has committed to providing financial support to the ISA through a corpus fund and has pledged $2 million annually for five years to support ISA's operational costs, demonstrating its commitment to the alliance. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA has indeed launched programmes aimed at deploying solar energy to alleviate poverty, and 'Towards 1000' is one such initiative that focuses on deploying 1000 MW of solar energy in 1000 villages/blocks/islands.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France. Statement 2 is incorrect as the ISA has more than 100 member countries as it has been joined by over 110 countries. Statement 3 is also incorrect because the ISA encourages its member countries to increase their solar energy capacity, but it does not mandate a specific percentage like 50% by 2030.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the ISA has indeed collaborated with the European Union on various initiatives to promote solar energy and sustainable development, reflecting their shared commitment to combating climate change. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA was launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris in 2015, marking a significant diplomatic effort to promote solar energy globally. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA encourages its member countries to increase their use of solar energy, but it does not mandate that they adopt 100% solar energy by 2025, allowing countries to set their own targets and timelines.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because ISA's primary objective is to promote solar energy, thereby contributing to SDG 7, which focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Statement 2 is incorrect because ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA was launched in 2015 at the COP21 in Paris, France, not in 2010 at COP16 in Cancun, Mexico.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. The ISA has collaborated with IRENA since 2018 to promote solar energy globally through joint research, knowledge sharing, and capacity building, making Statement 1 correct. ISA partnered with the World Bank in 2018 to mobilize investments for solar energy, aligning with its goal to achieve $1 trillion in investments by 2030, making Statement 2 correct. The ISA signed an MoU with UNDP in 2019 to promote solar energy, particularly in developing countries, through technology transfer and capacity building, making Statement 3 correct. Since all statements are verified to be true based on the collaborations and partnerships ISA has established, the correct answer is All three.
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the Global Solar Investment Report 2022 indeed reported that solar PV capacity additions surpassed 134 GW in 2021, driven by declining module prices and supportive policies. Statement 1 is incorrect as there is no verified data to confirm that solar energy investments in Africa surpassed $10 billion in 2020. Statement 3 is incorrect because, according to the Global Solar Investment Report, China was the top solar investing country in 2021, followed by the United States and then other countries, not Germany in third place in the given order.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) has indeed proposed a 'Solar Risk Mitigation Facility' to reduce risks associated with solar projects, thereby making solar energy more attractive to investors. Statement 3 is correct as the ISA has partnered with the World Bank to mobilize significant investments for solar energy, with the goal of reaching $1 trillion by 2030. Statement 2 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA was launched by India and France during the COP21 climate summit in 2015, not 2016, making Statement 1 incorrect. As of 2022, the ISA has more than 100 member countries, not 50, making Statement 2 incorrect. The ISA is not exclusive to G20 countries; it's an alliance of more than 120 countries, mostly sunshine countries, aiming to promote solar energy, making Statement 3 incorrect.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France, making Statement 1 incorrect. The International Solar Alliance was launched by India and France at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015 and not established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010, making Statement 2 incorrect. The ISA focuses on promoting solar energy among its member countries through various means including knowledge sharing, capacity building, and facilitating finance, not exclusively on providing financial assistance, making Statement 3 incorrect.
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the ISA has indeed partnered with various organizations, including the World Bank, to facilitate the implementation of solar energy projects in its member countries, thereby promoting international cooperation and knowledge sharing. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA was launched at the COP21 held in Paris, France in 2015, not at COP26 in Glasgow. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA has more than 100 member countries, primarily from the tropics and sun-rich regions, not limited to Europe and North America.
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the ISA launched the 'Solar Technology and Application Resource Centre' (STAR-C) to provide training and capacity building in solar energy, enhancing the capabilities of its member countries. Statement 3 is correct as ISA has collaborated with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay to offer training and capacity building programs, leveraging India's expertise in solar energy. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA was actually launched in 2015 by India and France at the COP21 in Paris, not in 2010 at COP16 in Cancun, Mexico.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance was indeed launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, as a joint initiative to promote solar energy globally. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA's framework agreement came into force on December 6, 2017, after being ratified by 15 countries, marking a significant step in its operationalization. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA was actually launched by India and France, not the United States and China, and it was initiated at COP21, not COP20 in Lima, Peru.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) has indeed launched several initiatives, including the 'Solar Energy Applications for Lighting and Cooking' program, aimed at helping its member countries tap into their solar energy potential. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA's mission is aligned with the Paris Agreement's objectives to combat climate change by promoting solar energy as a clean and renewable power source. Statement 3 is incorrect because India was one of the founding members of the ISA, launched by India and France in 2015, and has been a key proponent of the alliance since its inception.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because as of 2022, the International Solar Alliance had indeed garnered support from over 100 countries that signed the ISA Framework Agreement, showcasing its growing global acceptance. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA Framework Agreement came into force on December 6, 2017, after being ratified by 15 countries, marking a significant milestone in its establishment. Statement 3 is correct because to be eligible for ISA membership, a country must be a member of the United Nations, aligning with the ISA's open and inclusive membership criteria.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because ISA indeed has a large number of member countries, mostly located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which are often referred to as 'sunshine countries' due to their abundant sunlight. Statement 2 is incorrect because ISA is not a universal organization with 196 member countries; it has 121 member countries. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA was formally launched in 2016 and recognized by the United Nations as a treaty-based intergovernmental organization in 2017, not in 2000 as a specialized agency.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. The International Solar Alliance (ISA) has indeed partnered with the World Bank to mobilize significant investments for solar energy, with a target of $1 trillion by 2030, as part of its efforts to promote solar energy globally. The ISA has launched the 'Solar Technology and Innovation Forum' to facilitate collaboration among industry stakeholders, researchers, and policymakers, driving innovation in solar technology. Additionally, ISA has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Global Solar Council to promote solar energy and facilitate its adoption, further underscoring its commitment to engaging with the private sector.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched in 2015 by India and France to promote solar energy among its member countries, particularly those between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which receive abundant sunlight. Statement 2 is correct as ISA has indeed expanded its membership to 101 countries as of 2022, with many signing and ratifying the ISA Framework Agreement, demonstrating its growing global support. Statement 3 is incorrect because ISA is open to all UN member states, not limited to G20 countries, thus having a diverse membership beyond just the G20 grouping.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the ISA has indeed received financial support from countries like France, India, and the UK, showcasing international cooperation. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA aims to support the deployment of 1 TW of solar energy globally by 2030, aligning with global renewable energy targets. Statement 3 is correct because the 'African Solar Risk Mitigation Facility' is a real initiative by the ISA to mitigate risks associated with solar projects in Africa, thereby promoting solar energy adoption.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because global solar resource mapping indeed utilizes satellite data and geospatial information to assess solar irradiance accurately, a methodology widely adopted by organizations involved in renewable energy assessments. Statement 2 is correct as the International Solar Alliance's (ISA) primary objective behind global solar resource mapping is to facilitate the development of solar energy projects by providing member countries with reliable solar resource data, thereby promoting the adoption of solar energy. Statement 3 is correct because, as part of its efforts, the ISA has indeed mapped solar resources for a significant number of countries, providing high-resolution data that aids in planning and executing solar energy projects, and as of 2022, it has achieved the milestone of mapping over 100 countries.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because solar mini-grids are indeed considered a viable solution for providing energy access to remote and off-grid areas, which aligns with the International Solar Alliance's (ISA) objectives to enhance energy access through solar energy. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA Assembly has approved a programme focused on solar energy applications for agriculture and rural economy, promoting the use of solar energy in these sectors. Statement 3 is correct because as of 2022, ISA has garnered support from over 100 countries, signifying their commitment to enhancing solar energy deployment, thereby validating the statement.
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because the International Solar Alliance was indeed launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, as a joint initiative to promote solar energy. Statement 1 is incorrect because ISA was not established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010; it was launched in 2015. Statement 2 is incorrect because ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France.
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because the International Solar Alliance was indeed launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, as a coalition of solar-resource rich countries to promote solar energy. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA has actually partnered with the World Bank, not OPEC, to mobilize finance for solar projects. Statement 2 is incorrect because while the ISA aims to promote solar energy, there is no publicly known target set by the ISA to achieve 50% of global electricity generation from solar energy by 2030.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched in 2015 by India and France to promote solar energy among its member countries, primarily located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, with the aim of reducing the cost of solar power. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA has indeed expanded its membership to 101 countries as of 2022, with a significant number being developing countries vulnerable to climate change. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA not only focuses on promoting solar energy for electricity generation but also supports other solar energy applications such as solar-powered water pumps and heating/cooling systems.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because there is no evidence that the Coalition for Sustainable Climate Action has set a specific target to reduce global carbon emissions by 50% by 2025. Statement 2 is false as the International Solar Alliance, which is associated with the Coalition, has a diverse membership with a significant number of countries from Africa, Asia, and other regions, not just Europe. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Coalition for Sustainable Climate Action is not necessarily a rival initiative to the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, as both are focused on addressing climate change, albeit through different approaches and focuses.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) indeed aims to promote solar energy deployment across 121 countries, mostly located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which receive abundant sunlight throughout the year. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA was launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, marking a significant step in global cooperation on renewable energy. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA was initially launched as a joint initiative and later became a legally binding treaty after it came into force on December 6, 2017, not in 2015.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) had more than 100 member countries as of 2022, but the exact number needs to be verified; however, it's known that ISA has been growing. Statement 2 is incorrect because, according to data, Asia (not Europe) was the largest recipient of solar investments. Statement 3 is incorrect as the actual growth rate of the global solar market in 2021 needs verification, but it's known that the solar market has seen significant growth, though the exact percentage may vary.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because India's Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) has indeed floated tenders for solar projects with storage, such as the 600 MWh tender for solar-wind hybrid projects with storage, aligning with the International Solar Alliance's (ISA) objectives of promoting solar energy with storage. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA has emphasized the importance of solar energy storage to address intermittency issues, a major challenge in integrating solar energy into the grid. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA has launched initiatives like the 'Solar Grid Integration and Storage' program to promote grid integration of solar energy, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of solar power.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not the United States. Statement 2 is false as the ISA framework agreement came into force on December 6, 2017, after being ratified by 15 countries, not immediately after being signed by 50 countries at COP21. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA promotes all forms of solar energy, including both photovoltaic and concentrated solar power, not exclusively photovoltaic solar energy.
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the cost of battery storage has indeed decreased significantly since 2010, with some studies indicating a drop of over 80% in lithium-ion battery costs, making solar energy with storage more viable, a trend acknowledged by the International Solar Alliance (ISA). Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA has more than 100 member countries as of 2022, not 50. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA promotes both photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies to enhance solar energy utilization.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the Global Solar Resource Mapping project is indeed being implemented by the International Solar Alliance (ISA) in collaboration with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the United States to provide high-quality solar resource data. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA was launched by India and France on November 30, 2015, at COP21 in Paris, marking a significant step in global cooperation on solar energy. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA has a dedicated programme for Global Solar Resource Mapping to assess the solar resource potential of its member countries, thereby facilitating the development of solar energy projects.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is correct because the ISA aims to promote solar energy among its members to reduce fossil fuel dependence, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA was indeed launched on November 30, 2015, by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President François Hollande at the Paris Climate Summit. Statement 3 is correct because the ISA is headquartered in Gurugram, India, and was formally established on December 6, 2017, marking a significant step in its operationalization; there are no wrong statements as all statements are verified to be true.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because ISA has indeed collaborated with Azure Power, an Indian private sector company, to promote solar energy projects in developing countries, showcasing its efforts to leverage private sector expertise. Statement 3 is correct as ISA has established a 'Private Sector Facility' to engage with private sector companies, facilitating the deployment of solar energy. Statement 2 is incorrect because ISA's primary focus is on promoting solar energy in developing countries, particularly those with solar-rich territories, not developed countries.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA's research and development initiatives are primarily funded by its member countries, with significant contributions from countries like India and France, not the United States. Statement 2 is incorrect as there is no evidence that the ISA has partnered with the IEA to set up a global solar research facility in France, though ISA does collaborate with various international organizations. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA encourages its member countries to increase their solar energy production, but it does not mandate achieving 100% solar energy production by 2030.
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) has indeed set an ambitious target to mobilize over $1 trillion in investments for the deployment of solar energy by 2030 to achieve its goal of promoting solar energy globally. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA has not achieved its target of deploying 1000 GW of solar energy worldwide; in fact, it is one of its future goals. Statement 2 is incorrect because the ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, and is an international organization that is not affiliated with the European Union but was launched by India and France at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA plays a significant role in achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), not just SDG 7, as it contributes to goals like SDG 13 (Climate Action) by promoting solar energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The ISA was actually founded by India and France in 2015, not by China and the United States. ISA membership is open to 121 countries located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, which receive significant sunlight, but there's no strict threshold of 5 kWh/m²/day for membership.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched in 2015 by India and France at the Paris Climate Summit, not established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010. Statement 2 is false as the ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not the United States. Statement 3 is also incorrect because the ISA aims to promote solar energy for various applications including electricity generation, heating, and cooking, not just electricity generation.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France, making Statement 1 incorrect. There is no mandate from ISA that requires all its member countries to adopt 100% solar energy by 2025, rendering Statement 2 incorrect. The ISA was founded by India and France in 2015, not the United States and China, making Statement 3 incorrect. Therefore, none of the statements are correct.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because ISA signed an agreement with the African Development Bank in 2019 to promote solar energy in Africa through various initiatives. Statement 2 is incorrect because the ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not the United States. Statement 3 is false because the ISA was founded by India and France, launched at the Paris Climate Conference (COP21) in 2015, not by the G7 countries.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA is primarily focused on promoting solar energy, not wind energy, among its member nations, making Statement 1 incorrect. The headquarters of the ISA is actually located in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France, making Statement 2 incorrect. The International Solar Alliance was jointly launched by India and France at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, not founded by the United Nations General Assembly in 2013, making Statement 3 incorrect.
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the ISA Assembly is indeed the apex decision-making body of the International Solar Alliance, and it meets annually to discuss key issues related to promoting solar energy, as per the ISA's operational framework. Statement 3 is correct as ISA has been actively advocating for reducing solar energy costs, improving solar technology, and increasing investment in the solar sector since its inception in 2015. Statement 1 is incorrect because ISA's primary focus is solely on promoting solar energy, not wind energy alongside it, as evident from its name and mission.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance was indeed launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, as a coalition of solar-resource rich countries to promote solar energy. Statement 2 is incorrect because the ISA was initially launched as a joint initiative and later became a legally binding treaty after it was opened for signature in 2016 and came into force on December 6, 2017, not in 2015. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France, although it is an affiliated organization to the United Nations but not directly affiliated with the UN Secretariat in the manner implied.
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct because the ISA has indeed partnered with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to provide capacity building and training programs for its member countries, enhancing their ability to deploy solar energy. Statement 3 is correct as the ISA launched specific initiatives for training and capacity building for the deployment of solar energy, with a focus on regions like Africa. Statement 1 is incorrect because the ISA was actually founded by India and France in 2015, not by China and the United States.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Coalition for Sustainable Climate Action was not formed in 2015 at the Paris Climate Summit; it was actually launched by the International Solar Alliance in 2021. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Coalition was not launched as a response to the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement in 2017, but rather it was launched much later in 2021. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Coalition is not primarily focused on promoting solar energy in developed countries, but rather it aims to promote sustainable climate action, with a broader focus that includes but is not limited to solar energy, and is more relevant to countries that are vulnerable to climate change.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance was indeed launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, as a joint initiative to promote solar energy globally. Statement 2 is incorrect because ISA was not founded solely by India in 2010, but was launched jointly by India and France in 2015, and is not limited to South Asian countries. Statement 3 is incorrect because the primary goal of ISA is to promote solar energy, not wind energy, globally to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and alleviate poverty through clean energy access.
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because according to the data, in 2020, solar energy investments indeed reached $130.8 billion globally, with Asia accounting for more than 70% of the total, showcasing the region's dominance in renewable energy investments. Statement 1 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance was actually founded in 2015 by India and France, not the United States. Statement 2 is incorrect because global solar investments did decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the actual decline was around 12% (not 20%) to $130.8 billion from $148.6 billion in 2019.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA was formed in 2015 at the COP21 in Paris, not in 2010 at COP16 in Cancun, making Statement 1 incorrect. The ISA has promoted the integration of solar energy with storage but has not mandated that all solar projects must include storage starting from 2020, making Statement 2 incorrect. The ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France, making Statement 3 incorrect. Therefore, all statements are false.
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. The ISA Secretariat is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not Paris, France, making Statement 1 incorrect. ISA focuses on promoting solar energy, including decentralized solar applications like mini-grids, not just large-scale projects, making Statement 2 incorrect. ISA membership is open to 121 countries lying fully or partially between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, not restricted to Paris Agreement signatories, making Statement 3 incorrect.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the International Solar Alliance (ISA) indeed aims to promote solar energy among its member countries through various initiatives, including technology transfer and innovation, to achieve its goal of mobilizing over $1 trillion investments in solar energy by 2030. Statement 2 is correct as the ISA was launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris on November 30, 2015, marking a significant step in global cooperation on solar energy. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA is actually headquartered in Gurugram, India, not the United States.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because the ISA's framework agreement indeed came into force on December 6, 2017, after being ratified by 15 countries, marking a significant milestone in its establishment. Statement 3 is correct as the ISA has 101 member countries, primarily comprising sun-rich nations between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, aligning with its mission to promote solar energy. Statement 2 is incorrect because the ISA was launched jointly by India and France at the Paris Climate Summit in 2015, not solely by India.
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect. Statement 1 is correct because India has indeed committed significant financial resources to the International Solar Alliance (ISA) to promote solar energy globally, including research and development. Statement 2 is incorrect because the ISA was founded by India and France in 2015, not solely by India in 2010, and it was launched at the Paris Climate Conference. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ISA's scope is not limited to India and Africa; it is a global initiative that aims to promote solar energy deployment among its member countries, which include over 120 countries mostly located in the sunny regions of the world.
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is correct because the Coalition for Sustainable Climate Action was indeed launched at COP26 in Glasgow in 2021 as part of the International Solar Alliance's efforts. Statement 1 is incorrect because India is a founding member of the International Solar Alliance and has been actively involved in climate actions, making it likely to be associated with the Coalition. Statement 2 is incorrect because the International Solar Alliance, closely related to the Coalition, is headquartered in Gurugram, India, not New York City.