Consider regarding the International Health Regulations (IHR): 1. Declares PHEIC. 2. Legally binding agreement. 3. Adopted in 2005. 4. Automatically halts international flights. How many are correct?
- Only two
- Only three
- All four
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The IHR (2005) does not automatically halt flights; it recommends measures while avoiding unnecessary interference with international traffic.
Consider regarding the Alma-Ata Declaration: 1. Signed in 1978. 2. Focuses on Primary Health Care. 3. Reaffirmed at Astana in 2018. 4. Promotes exclusive private healthcare. How many are correct?
- Only three
- Only two
- Only one
- All four
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The declaration advocates for accessible public Primary Health Care, not exclusive private systems.
What is the SDG target year to end the global Tuberculosis epidemic?
- Year 2025
- Year 2030
- Year 2040
- Year 2050
Explanation: Sustainable Development Goal 3.3 sets the year 2030 as the target to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases.
Consider regarding the EUL mechanism: 1. Fast-tracks emergency vaccines. 2. Used during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3. Assists UN procurement agencies. 4. Guarantees immediate commercial approval. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only two
- Only one
- Only three
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Emergency Use Listing (EUL) does not guarantee formal commercial market approval; it only authorizes use in emergency public health contexts.
Consider regarding the FCTC treaty: 1. Covers global tobacco control. 2. It is legally binding. 3. It was the first WHO treaty. 4. Ratified by the USA. How many are correct?
- Only two
- All four
- Only three
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is legally binding, but the United States has signed it without ratifying it.
The WHO's 'AWaRe' classification tool primarily guides and manages the usage of?
- Vaccine distribution
- Painkiller regulation
- Antiviral research
- Antibiotics usage
Explanation: AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) is designed to optimize antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance globally.
Consider regarding the Director-General: 1. Tedros Adhanom is the current DG. 2. The DG serves a ten-year term. 3. He is from Ethiopia. 4. Nominated by the Security Council. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only one
- Only three
- Only two
Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The DG is nominated by the Executive Board (not the Security Council) and serves a five-year term.
Consider regarding WHO funding mechanisms: 1. Relies mainly on assessed contributions. 2. Relies mainly on voluntary contributions. 3. USA is historically a top donor. 4. Private foundations cannot donate. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only one
- Only two
- Only three
Explanation: Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Assessed contributions form less than 20% of the budget, and private foundations (like the Gates Foundation) are major donors.
Consider regarding the Triple Billion targets: 1. Better health and well-being. 2. Protected from health emergencies. 3. Benefitting from Universal Health Coverage. 4. 1 billion vaccinated for COVID-19. How many are correct?
- Only one
- Only three
- All four
- Only two
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 form the core of the WHO's 13th General Programme of Work (GPW 13). Statement 4 is not one of the official 'Triple Billion' targets.
Where is the global headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) located?
- Paris
- New York
- Geneva
- London
Explanation: The World Health Organization is a specialized UN agency headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
Which day is officially celebrated annually as World Health Day to mark the creation of the WHO?
- April 7
- May 1
- March 24
- June 5
Explanation: World Health Day is celebrated every year on April 7th, commemorating the anniversary of the founding of the WHO in 1948.
Consider regarding the WHO Executive Board: 1. Has 194 member states. 2. Meets in Geneva. 3. Has veto power over WHA. 4. Members serve lifetime terms. How many are correct?
- Only two
- Only one
- Only three
- All four
Explanation: Only statement 2 is correct. The Board has 34 members serving three-year terms, and it does not have veto power over the World Health Assembly (WHA).
The WHO's 'REPLACE' action package provides a strategic approach to completely eliminate what from diets?
- Microplastics
- Artificial colors
- Added sugars
- Trans fats
Explanation: The REPLACE initiative aims to eliminate industrially produced trans fats from the global food supply to combat cardiovascular diseases.
Consider regarding the Global Traditional Medicine Centre: 1. Established in India. 2. Located in Jamnagar, Gujarat. 3. Supported by the AYUSH Ministry. 4. It is the first global centre of its kind. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only three
- Only one
- Only two
Explanation: All four statements accurately describe the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine, established in India to harness the potential of traditional medicine.
Consider regarding the COVAX facility: 1. Co-led by the WHO. 2. Co-led by CEPI. 3. Excludes wealthy nations. 4. Solely funded by China. How many are correct?
- Only one
- All four
- Only two
- Only three
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. COVAX (also co-led by Gavi) included self-financing wealthy nations to pool risk and was funded globally, not solely by China.
The WHO 'C-TAP' initiative was launched to facilitate technology sharing for?
- Cancer
- COVID-19
- Cholera
- Climate
Explanation: C-TAP (COVID-19 Technology Access Pool) was created to promote the voluntary sharing of knowledge, intellectual property, and data.
Which official declaration mechanism does the WHO use to signify the highest level of global health alert?
- GHES system
- PHEIC
- WHER protocol
- GHEA alert
Explanation: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by the WHO of an extraordinary public health event.
Consider regarding WHO's SEARO region: 1. HQ is in New Delhi. 2. Includes India. 3. Includes China. 4. Includes Japan. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only two
- Only one
- Only three
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. China and Japan fall under the Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO), not the South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO).
Consider regarding the ACT-Accelerator: 1. Launched in 2020. 2. Focuses on COVID-19. 3. Includes the COVAX pillar. 4. Completely excludes diagnostics. How many are correct?
- Only two
- All four
- Only three
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The ACT-Accelerator explicitly includes a major diagnostics pillar alongside vaccines and therapeutics.
Where is the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) headquartered?
Explanation: The IARC is the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization, with its headquarters located in Lyon, France.
Where is the global headquarters of the World Health Organization situated?
- London
- Paris
- New York
- Geneva
Explanation: The World Health Organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
Under the International Health Regulations, which disease currently requires a vaccination proof for travel?
- Cholera
- Yellow fever
- Malaria
- Typhoid
Explanation: Yellow fever is the only disease for which countries can systematically demand proof of vaccination from international travelers.
Consider regarding Air Quality Guidelines (2021): 1. Lowered PM2.5 limits. 2. Limits are legally binding. 3. Enforced by UN peacekeepers. 4. Applies exclusively to Asia. How many are correct?
- Only three
- Only two
- All four
- Only one
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. The guidelines lowered acceptable limits for major pollutants, but they are advisory, not legally binding or militarily enforced, and apply globally.
Consider regarding the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005): 1. Legally binding agreement. 2. Requires reporting PHEIC. 3. Covers biological threats only. 4. Replaced the 1969 regulations. How many are correct?
- Only three
- Only two
- All four
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is false because the IHR (2005) covers any public health emergency, including chemical and radiological threats.
The WHO Foundation, established in 2020, primarily aims to facilitate rapid funding from?
- Member states
- World Bank
- Private sector
- UN agencies
Explanation: The WHO Foundation is an independent grant-making entity created to source funding from the general public, individual donors, and the private sector.
Consider regarding Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) targeted by WHO: 1. Cardiovascular diseases. 2. Cancers. 3. Chronic respiratory diseases. 4. Diabetes. How many are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- Only three
- All four
Explanation: All four statements are correct. These 'Big Four' NCDs are responsible for the vast majority of non-communicable disease deaths globally.
Consider regarding the World Health Assembly (WHA): 1. Meets annually. 2. Based in New York. 3. Appoints the Director-General. 4. Excludes observer states. How many are correct?
- Only three
- Only two
- Only one
- All four
Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The WHA meets in Geneva, not New York, and it permits the attendance of non-member observer states.
The SEARO (South-East Asia Regional Office) regional headquarters is located in?
- Bangkok
- Colombo
- New Delhi
- Dhaka
Explanation: The World Health Organization's Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) is headquartered in New Delhi, India.
Which publication serves as the flagship annual report providing data on global health indicators?
- World Health Statistics
- Universal Health Monitor
- Global Disease Index
- Global Health Outlook
Explanation: The 'World Health Statistics' is the WHO's annual compilation of health statistics for its 194 Member States.
The 'One Health' approach heavily promoted by the WHO integrates human health predominantly with?
- Climate health
- Digital health
- Economic health
- Animal health
Explanation: One Health is an integrated approach recognizing that the health of humans is closely connected to the health of animals and our shared environment.
The WHO's 'MPOWER' package specifically provides measures to target what?
- Tobacco control
- Mental health
- Polio eradication
- Maternal health
Explanation: MPOWER is a suite of six policies designed to reverse the tobacco epidemic and assist countries in implementing the FCTC.
Which prominent country initiated formal withdrawal from the WHO in 2020 but reversed it in 2021?
- China
- United States
- United Kingdom
- Russia
Explanation: The Trump administration began the process to withdraw the USA from the WHO in 2020, but the Biden administration reversed the decision on its first day in 2021.
What is the primary public health focus of the WHO's 'MPOWER' package of measures?
- Polio eradication
- Maternal health
- Tobacco control
- Mental health
Explanation: MPOWER is a set of six highly cost-effective measures established by the WHO to assist countries in implementing the FCTC for tobacco control.
Consider regarding the Global Fund: 1. WHO is the sole implementer. 2. Fights AIDS, TB, Malaria. 3. Based in Geneva. 4. It is a UN agency. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only two
- Only three
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 2 and 3 are correct. It is an independent financing partnership (not a UN agency) and relies on local implementations rather than just the WHO.
Which WHO initiative assesses the quality, safety, and efficacy of medicinal products for international procurement?
- Prequalification Programme
- Global Drug Facility
- Essential Medicines List
- VigiBase System
Explanation: The WHO Prequalification Programme ensures that medicines supplied by global procurement agencies meet acceptable standards of quality, safety, and efficacy.
Administratively, into how many regional offices is the World Health Organization divided globally?
- Four regions
- Five regions
- Seven regions
- Six regions
Explanation: The WHO operates through six regional offices: AFRO (Africa), AMRO (Americas), SEARO (South-East Asia), EURO (Europe), EMRO (Eastern Mediterranean), and WPRO (Western Pacific).
The 'AWaRe' classification tool developed by the WHO is primarily used to manage the optimal use of?
- Antiviral research
- Vaccine distribution
- Painkiller regulation
- Antibiotic stewardship
Explanation: AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) is a tool designed to guide the safe and effective use of antibiotics to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Consider regarding the COVAX facility: 1. Co-led by Gavi. 2. Co-led by CEPI. 3. Excludes wealthy countries. 4. Solely funded by the WHO. How many are correct?
- Only three
- All four
- Only one
- Only two
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. COVAX included wealthy, self-financing countries and was funded by a massive global multi-sectoral effort.
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) operates as the WHO regional office for?
- Africa
- Europe
- The Americas
- Western Pacific
Explanation: PAHO serves as both the specialized health agency for the Inter-American System and the WHO Regional Office for the Americas.
Consider regarding WHO Funding: 1. Assessed contributions are fixed. 2. Only nation-states can donate. 3. Excludes private philanthropic foundations. 4. Gates Foundation is a top donor. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only one
- Only three
- Only two
Explanation: Statements 1 and 4 are correct. Voluntary contributions dominate the funding, and non-state actors like NGOs and private foundations (e.g., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) are major donors.
Consider regarding the FCTC: 1. It was the first WHO treaty. 2. It is legally binding. 3. Ratified by the USA. 4. Focuses on tobacco control. How many are correct?
- Only three
- All four
- Only two
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was signed by the USA, but it was never ratified by the US Senate.
Consider regarding the Director-General: 1. Serves a five-year term. 2. Can be re-appointed once. 3. Tedros Adhanom is Ethiopian. 4. He is the first African DG. How many are correct?
- Only two
- Only three
- Only one
- All four
Explanation: All four statements are correct regarding the tenure and identity of the current Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
Who served as the very first Director-General of the World Health Organization?
- Margaret Chan
- Brock Chisholm
- Halfdan Mahler
- Tedros Adhanom
Explanation: Brock Chisholm, a Canadian physician, served as the first Director-General of the WHO upon its founding.
Consider regarding the Executive Board: 1. Has 34 members. 2. Serves three-year terms. 3. Holds veto power over WHA. 4. Meets in New York. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only one
- Only two
- Only three
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Board does not have veto power over the Assembly, and it meets in Geneva, not New York.
Consider regarding WHO's Triple Billion targets: 1. Universal Health Coverage. 2. Health emergencies protection. 3. Better health and well-being. 4. Aim for 1 billion more people each. How many are correct?
- Only one
- Only three
- All four
- Only two
Explanation: All four statements accurately describe the core of the WHO's 13th General Programme of Work (GPW 13).
Consider regarding WHO eradicated diseases: 1. Smallpox. 2. Polio (globally). 3. Rinderpest. 4. Malaria (globally). How many are correct?
- Only one
- All four
- Only three
- Only two
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Smallpox is the only human disease globally eradicated. Polio and Malaria remain active. Rinderpest was eradicated but affects animals (OIE/FAO domain).
Consider regarding WHO administrative regions: 1. AFRO. 2. SEARO. 3. EURO. 4. WPRO. How many of these are official regional offices?
- Only one
- Only two
- Only three
- All four
Explanation: All four are among the six official WHO regional offices (Africa, South-East Asia, Europe, and Western Pacific, alongside EMRO and AMRO/PAHO).
Who served as the inaugural Chief Scientist of the WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic?
- Soumya Swaminathan
- Randeep Guleria
- Harsh Vardhan
- Tedros Adhanom
Explanation: Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, an Indian pediatrician and clinical scientist, served as the first Chief Scientist at the WHO.
Consider regarding completely eradicated human diseases: 1. Smallpox is globally eradicated. 2. Polio is completely eradicated globally. 3. Malaria is completely eradicated. 4. Tuberculosis is completely eradicated. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only one
- Only two
- Only three
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Smallpox is the only human disease to have been completely eradicated globally. Polio, Malaria, and TB remain active.
Consider regarding the One Health approach: 1. Integrates human health. 2. Integrates animal health. 3. Integrates environmental health. 4. Supported by the Quadripartite. How many are correct?
- Only two
- Only three
- All four
- Only one
Explanation: All four statements accurately reflect the holistic One Health strategy championed by the WHO, FAO, WOAH, and UNEP.
The WHO 'GLASS' surveillance system is designed to monitor global trends in?
- Maternal mortality
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Vector diseases
- Vaccine side effects
Explanation: The Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) gathers data to combat the rising threat of drug-resistant pathogens.
The WHO 'REPLACE' action package aims to eliminate what from the global food supply?
- Added sugars
- Microplastics
- Trans fats
- Artificial colors
Explanation: REPLACE is a step-by-step guide to completely eliminate industrially produced trans fats from diets to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Who served as the very first Director-General of the World Health Organization?
- Margaret Chan
- Halfdan Mahler
- Gro Harlem Brundtland
- Brock Chisholm
Explanation: Brock Chisholm, a Canadian psychiatrist and medical practitioner, was the first Director-General of the WHO.
Consider regarding the World Health Assembly (WHA): 1. Meets every two years. 2. Headquarters in New York. 3. Highest decision-making body. 4. Excludes developing nations. How many are correct?
- All four
- Only two
- Only three
- Only one
Explanation: Only statement 3 is correct. The WHA includes all member states (developing and developed) and meets annually in Geneva.
Consider regarding the GOARN network: 1. Coordinated by WHO. 2. Deploys rapid response teams. 3. Established in 2000. 4. Excludes NGO participation. How many are correct?
- Only two
- All four
- Only three
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) actively includes NGOs, UN agencies, and academic institutions.
What is the commercial name of the first WHO-recommended malaria vaccine for children?
- Mosquirix
- Shingrix
- Prevenar
- Gardasil
Explanation: Mosquirix (RTS,S/AS01) became the first malaria vaccine recommended by the WHO for children living in regions with moderate to high transmission.
Which date is observed annually around the globe as World Health Day?
- May 1
- June 5
- March 24
- April 7
Explanation: World Health Day is celebrated every year on April 7, commemorating the anniversary of the founding of the WHO in 1948.
Consider regarding the WHO: 1. Founded in 1948. 2. Headquarters in Geneva. 3. Specialized UN agency. 4. Part of UN Security Council. How many are correct?
- Only three
- All four
- Only two
- Only one
Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The WHO is a specialized agency of the UN, but it reports to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), not the Security Council.
Which Indian doctor served as the inaugural Chief Scientist of the WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic?
- Randeep Guleria
- Harsh Vardhan
- Poonam Khetrapal Singh
- Soumya Swaminathan
Explanation: Dr. Soumya Swaminathan served as the WHO's first Chief Scientist from 2019 to 2022, playing a key role in the pandemic response.
The 'ACT-Accelerator' was a groundbreaking global collaboration launched to fight which specific disease?
- Malaria
- Tuberculosis
- COVID-19
- Ebola
Explanation: The Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator was launched in 2020 to speed up the development and equitable distribution of COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines.