Who prominently organized the anti-zamindari struggles in Andhra during this period?
- T Prakasam
- Pattabhi Sitaramayya
- N G Ranga
- Alluri Sitarama Raju
Explanation: N.G. Ranga was a prominent peasant leader who organized the ryots in the Andhra region against zamindari exploitation.
The arrest of Gandhi in May 1930 triggered a massive uprising in?
- Calcutta
- Lahore
- Madras
- Sholapur
Explanation: Textile workers in Sholapur established a virtual parallel government for a few days after Gandhi's arrest.
The 'Red Shirts' movement in the North-West was led by?
- Shaukat Ali
- Muhammad Ali Ritus Khan
- Maulana Azad
- Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Explanation: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi, organized the Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly called Red Shirts.
Which Indian province became the prominent epicenter for the 'No-Chowkidari' tax agitation?
- Madras
- Gujarat
- Bihar
- Punjab
Explanation: Because coastal salt campaigns were limited in landlocked Bihar, the defiance shifted successfully to refusing chowkidari taxes.
Who was the serving British Viceroy when the Second Round Table Conference convened?
- Lord Mountbatten
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Linlithgow
- Lord Willingdon
Explanation: Lord Willingdon succeeded Lord Irwin in 1931 and adopted a much harsher, highly repressive stance against the Congress.
During the movement, 'Prabhat Pheris' were primarily organized by?
- Peasant Leaders
- Women and Children
- Mill Workers
- Armed Revolutionaries
Explanation: Women and children organized early morning processions or 'Prabhat Pheris' to sing patriotic songs and mobilize people.
Which prominent youth leader strongly opposed the suspension of the movement in 1931?
- Subhas Chandra Bose
- Sardar Patel
- C Rajagopalachari
- Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru were deeply disappointed by the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and the movement's suspension.
Which industry actively supported the movement financially?
- British Importers
- European Planters
- Foreign Investors
- Indian Capitalists
Explanation: Indian industrialists like G.D. Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas actively funded and supported the civil disobedience.
Who led the salt satyagraha in Tamil Nadu?
- K Kamaraj
- C Rajagopalachari
- Periyar EVR
- S Satyamurti
Explanation: C. Rajagopalachari led a march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam to break the salt law.
Women participated in large numbers primarily by picketing?
- Railway Stations
- Liquor and Cloth
- Courts and Offices
- Schools and Colleges
Explanation: Women came out of their homes in massive numbers to picket shops selling foreign cloth and liquor.
The historic Dandi March ended on the coast of which district in Gujarat?
- Porbandar
- Navsari
- Surat
- Ahmedabad
Explanation: Dandi is a small coastal village located in the Navsari district of Gujarat.
At which Congress session did the Gandhi-Irwin pact get endorsed?
- Lahore Session
- Faizpur Session
- Karachi Session
- Tripuri Session
Explanation: The Karachi Session of 1931, presided over by Sardar Patel, officially endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in 1931 is also formally known as the?
- Bombay Pact
- Poona Pact
- Delhi Pact
- Shimla Agreement
Explanation: The agreement was signed in New Delhi, hence it is historically referred to as the Delhi Pact.
Which British Viceroy signed a pact with Gandhi in 1931?
- Lord Willingdon
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Linlithgow
- Lord Reading
Explanation: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, temporarily suspending the Civil Disobedience Movement.
After the failure of the Second Round Table Conference, when did the movement resume?
- August 1932
- March 1932
- January 1932
- December 1931
Explanation: Gandhi returned empty-handed from London and the Congress Working Committee decided to resume the movement in January 1932.
Similarly, the auxiliary 'Manjari Senas' (Cat Armies) were specifically composed of?
- Young girls
- Elderly women
- Widows
- Peasant women
Explanation: Young girls formed Manjari Senas, demonstrating the unprecedented and widespread participation across all age groups.
Assertion (A): After the failure of the Second Round Table Conference, the British government under Lord Willingdon successfully crippled the resumed movement in 1932.
Reason (R): The administration issued a series of draconian Emergency Powers Ordinances, effectively imposing a state of 'Civil Martial Law' across the country.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Explanation: Lord Willingdon abandoned the policy of negotiation used by Lord Irwin. Upon Gandhi's return in 1932, the government launched a pre-emptive strike using the Emergency Powers Ordinances to arrest leaders and seize Congress property, which acted as a virtual martial law to crush the movement.
In which state did the powerful tribal revolt led by Rani Gaidinliu primarily begin?
- Assam
- Nagaland
- Manipur
- Tripura
Explanation: The Zeliangrong movement began in Manipur before spreading to the neighboring Naga-inhabited territories.
Who led the salt satyagraha in the coastal areas of Odisha?
- Harekrushna Mahatab
- Surendranath Dwivedy
- Biju Patnaik
- Gopabandhu Chaudhuri
Explanation: Under the leadership of Gopabandhu Chaudhuri, the salt movement proved very effective in the coastal regions of Odisha.
Defiance of the Cunningham Circular took place in?
- Bihar
- Bengal
- Odisha
- Assam
Explanation: Students in Assam strongly protested the Cunningham Circular, which demanded a certificate of good behavior from them.
Which journalist documented the police brutality at Dharsana?
- Louis Fischer
- William Shirer
- Webb Miller
- Edgar Snow
Explanation: Webb Miller, an American journalist, wrote a widely published account of the horrific beatings at the Dharsana Salt Works.
Where did Gandhi undertake his famous fast unto death against the Communal Award?
- Wardha Ashram
- Sabarmati Ashram
- Yerwada Jail
- Aga Khan Palace
Explanation: Gandhi began his fast unto death in September 1932 while incarcerated in Yerwada Jail, Poona.
Which crucial resolution was passed alongside the pact's endorsement at the Karachi Session (1931)?
- Quit India
- Separate Electorates
- Fundamental Rights
- Dominion Status
Explanation: The Karachi session is famous for its groundbreaking resolutions on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme.
In which prison was Gandhi kept immediately after his midnight arrest in May 1930?
- Sabarmati Central Jail
- Yerwada Central Jail
- Alipore Central Jail
- Cellular Jail
Explanation: Gandhi was imprisoned in the Yerwada Central Jail in Poona (Pune) after being arrested under an 1827 regulation.
During the movement, peasants in the United Provinces primarily campaigned against?
- Chowkidari Tax
- Forest Grazing Tax
- Salt Tax
- Rent and Revenue
Explanation: The UP campaign was characterized by a no-rent campaign by tenants and a no-revenue campaign by zamindars.
What was a defining characteristic of the 78 followers who accompanied Gandhi to Dandi?
- All were youth
- Only Gujarati men
- From different provinces
- Only Congress leaders
Explanation: Gandhi carefully selected a diverse group of 78 followers representing different regions and religions of India.
What was the principal concession in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact regarding political prisoners?
- No releases allowed
- Release all prisoners
- Release non-violent prisoners
- Release only leaders
Explanation: The British agreed to release all political prisoners who had not been convicted of violent crimes.
In 1932, Ramsay MacDonald based the controversial Communal Award on the findings of the?
- Cripps Mission
- Lothian Committee
- Simon Commission
- Cabinet Mission
Explanation: The Lothian Committee (Indian Franchise Committee) laid the groundwork for the distribution of seats in the Communal Award.
Rani Gaidinliu led a significant tribal revolt in?
- Tripura and Mizoram
- Assam and Meghalaya
- Manipur and Nagaland
- Arunachal Pradesh
Explanation: Rani Gaidinliu integrated the Zeliangrong tribal movement with the broader Civil Disobedience Movement.
Who led the salt satyagraha in the Malabar region?
- A K Gopalan
- T K Madhavan
- K Kelappan
- P Krishna Pillai
Explanation: K. Kelappan, famously known as the 'Kerala Gandhi', led the salt march from Calicut to Payyanur.
Which societal group saw the most remarkable and unprecedented participation during the movement?
- Zamindars
- Industrial workers
- Women
- Capitalists
Explanation: For the first time, thousands of women stepped out of their homes to march, picket, and face police lathis.
The controversial 'Cunningham Circular' in Assam was directed to control which group?
- Students
- Government Servants
- Peasant Farmers
- Tea Garden Workers
Explanation: It forced parents and guardians to provide guarantees of good behavior for students to prevent their political participation.
The massive scale of the Civil Disobedience Movement ultimately forced the British to pass?
- 1919 Montagu Chelmsford
- 1935 India Act
- 1947 Independence Act
- 1909 Morley Minto
Explanation: The pressure of the movement and the Round Table Conferences culminated in the Government of India Act 1935.
No-chowkidari tax campaigns were most prominent in which region?
- Madras Presidency
- Punjab Province
- Bihar and Bengal
- Central Provinces
Explanation: In eastern India, particularly Bihar and Bengal, villagers refused to pay taxes for the village guards (chowkidars).
Which of Gandhi's 11 demands to Lord Irwin related specifically to peasants?
- Abolish salt tax
- Lower exchange rate
- 50% revenue reduction
- Free arms licenses
Explanation: Gandhi demanded a 50% reduction in land revenue to ease the heavy economic burden on the peasantry.
On which date did the Dandi March begin?
- March 12 1930
- January 26 1930
- March 5 1931
- April 6 1930
Explanation: The historic salt march commenced on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
Who bestowed the title 'Rani' upon Gaidinliu?
- Sardar Patel
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Recognizing her bravery and leadership, Jawaharlal Nehru gave her the title of 'Rani' when she was imprisoned.
From where did Gandhi commence his nationwide Harijan Tour in November 1933?
- Delhi
- Yerwada
- Sabarmati
- Wardha
Explanation: Gandhi started his extensive 12,500-mile Harijan tour from Satyagraha Ashram in Wardha.
Who succeeded Gandhi as the leader after his arrest in 1930?
- Sarojini Naidu
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Vallabhbhai Patel
- Abbas Tyabji
Explanation: Abbas Tyabji, a former judge, became the first 'dictator' of the movement following Gandhi's arrest.
Who famously convinced Mahatma Gandhi to allow women to participate in the salt march?
- Annie Besant
- Sarojini Naidu
- Kasturba Gandhi
- Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Explanation: Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay actively persuaded Gandhi not to restrict the movement to men, leading to massive female participation.
The anti-Union Board tax campaign was prominent in which state?
- Punjab
- Bengal
- Madras
- Gujarat
Explanation: In Bengal, the civil disobedience took the form of refusing to pay the Union Board taxes.
In which Round Table Conference did Mahatma Gandhi participate?
- First Conference
- Second Conference
- Third Conference
- None of them
Explanation: As a condition of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Congress suspended the movement and Gandhi attended the Second RTC.
Forest laws were massively defied during the movement in?
- Bengal Presidency
- Central Provinces
- United Provinces
- Punjab Province
Explanation: Tribals and peasants in the Central Provinces, Maharashtra, and Karnataka defied restricted forest grazing laws.
What was the primary symbol of defiance during the Dandi March?
- Forest Produce
- Land Revenue
- Salt
- Foreign Cloth
Explanation: Gandhi chose salt as it was an essential item for every Indian, making the salt tax a deeply unifying grievance.
The 'magic lanterns' were used during the movement in villages to?
- Scare British officers
- Spread nationalist messages
- Guide night marches
- Signal secret meetings
Explanation: Volunteers used 'magic lanterns' (early projectors) in rural areas to display nationalist imagery and messages.
During the movement, the 'Vanar Senas' (Monkey Armies) consisted primarily of?
- Mill workers
- Young children
- College students
- Tribal fighters
Explanation: Young children, like Indira Gandhi, formed Vanar Senas to covertly deliver messages and support the satyagrahis.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was authorized at which Congress session?
- Madras Session
- Haripura Session
- Lahore Session
- Karachi Session
Explanation: The 1929 Lahore Session, under Jawaharlal Nehru, declared Purna Swaraj and authorized the movement.
The Dandi March concluded and the salt law was broken on?
- April 6 1930
- March 5 1931
- January 26 1930
- March 12 1930
Explanation: After walking for 24 days, Gandhi reached Dandi and broke the salt law on the morning of April 6, 1930.
When was the Civil Disobedience Movement completely and formally withdrawn?
Explanation: After fading gradually, Gandhi formally withdrew the movement in April 1934 to focus on constructive work.
The Poona Pact (1932) was an agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and?
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- Lord Irwin
- Ramsay MacDonald
- B R Ambedkar
Explanation: The pact was negotiated between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar to resolve the issue of Depressed Classes representation.
Following the Poona Pact, what organization did Gandhi found in 1932?
- Servants of India
- Satyagraha Sabha
- Indian National Congress
- Harijan Sevak Sangh
Explanation: Gandhi founded the Harijan Sevak Sangh (All India Anti-Untouchability League) to eradicate untouchability from Hindu society.
The prominent salt satyagraha at Inchudi in Balasore district took place in?
- Andhra
- Bengal
- Madras
- Odisha
Explanation: Inchudi in Odisha saw massive participation, ranking only second to Gujarat in the intensity of the salt satyagraha.
What electoral mechanism did the Poona Pact formally replace for the Depressed Classes?
- Adult Franchise
- Reserved Seats
- Separate Electorates
- Joint Electorates
Explanation: It replaced the Communal Award's provision of separate electorates with joint electorates and reserved seats.
What was the primary demand of the Lahore Session (1929)?
- Purna Swaraj
- Provincial Autonomy
- Dominion Status
- Separate Electorates
Explanation: The Indian National Congress shifted its goal from Dominion Status to Complete Independence (Purna Swaraj).
Who led the Dharsana Salt Works raid after Abbas Tyabji's arrest?
- Usha Mehta
- Annie Besant
- Aruna Asaf Ali
- Sarojini Naidu
Explanation: Sarojini Naidu, along with Imam Saheb and Manilal Gandhi, led the non-violent raid on the Dharsana salt depot.
What term did Gandhi use to describe his 1933 fasts that temporarily halted the movement?
- Abolishing untouchability
- Anti-British protests
- Political blackmail
- Self-purification fasts
Explanation: Gandhi undertook 21-day fasts for 'self-purification' to refocus energy on the constructive Harijan upliftment work.
What was the total distance of the Dandi March?
- 240 miles
- 300 miles
- 385 miles
- 200 miles
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi and his 78 followers marched 240 miles (approx 385 km) from Sabarmati to Dandi.
Who drafted the Fundamental Rights resolution for the Karachi Session?
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru drafted the resolution, which was adopted by the session presided over by Sardar Patel.
Which military regiment refused to fire on unarmed protestors in Peshawar?
- Garhwal Rifles
- Sikh Regiment
- Rajputana Rifles
- Gorkha Regiment
Explanation: Hindu soldiers of the Garhwal Rifles famously refused orders to shoot at Muslim Satyagrahis in Peshawar.
Which organization strongly opposed the Civil Disobedience Movement?
- Swaraj Party
- Indian National Congress
- Muslim League
- Hindu Mahasabha
Explanation: The Muslim League, under Jinnah, largely opposed the movement, demanding settlement of minority issues first.