Consider the following statements regarding Santi Ghosh and Suniti Chandhari:
1. They were teenage schoolgirls from the Comilla district in Bengal.
2. They successfully assassinated the British District Magistrate Charles Stevens in 1931.
3. They were both publicly hanged by the British administration for their revolutionary actions.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Santi and Suniti were 14- and 15-year-old schoolgirls who walked into the office of Magistrate Charles B. Stevens in Comilla and shot him dead. Because they were minors, the British courts spared them the death penalty, instead sentencing them to transportation/life imprisonment.
Consider the following statements regarding Kalyani Das:
1. She was a key founder and organizer of the Chhatri Sangha, a revolutionary student group in Bengal.
2. She boldly led a massive and successful student strike protesting the Simon Commission in Calcutta.
3. She famously assassinated a senior British official during a university convocation ceremony.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Kalyani Das (sister of Bina Das) organized the Chhatri Sangha (a female students' association) and led major anti-Simon Commission protests. However, it was her sister, Bina Das, who fired upon the British Governor at the university convocation.
Consider the following statements regarding Kumudini Mitra:
1. She strongly and vocally supported the British partition of Bengal in 1905.
2. She served as the very first female President of the Indian National Congress.
3. She betrayed the Jugantar revolutionary group and became an informant for the colonial police.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- None
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
Explanation: Kumudini Mitra was a staunch nationalist who vehemently opposed the Partition of Bengal. She actively assisted the revolutionary groups (like Jugantar) by hiding weapons and publishing the fiery revolutionary magazine 'Suprabhat'. Annie Besant was the first female INC President.
Consider the following statements regarding Bina Das:
1. She was heavily involved in executing the famous Kakori train robbery in Uttar Pradesh.
2. She famously fired a revolver at the British Governor of Bengal during a university convocation ceremony.
3. She was executed by hanging in the Cellular Jail in the Andaman Islands.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- None
- 1 and 2
- Only 2
Explanation: Bina Das, a member of Chhatri Sangha, fired at Governor Stanley Jackson at the Calcutta University convocation in 1932. She was not involved in the Kakori conspiracy (HRA) and was not executed; she survived the freedom struggle and died much later.
Consider the following statements regarding Rani Avantibai:
1. She was the Queen of Ramgarh who fiercely fought against the British in 1857.
2. She voluntarily signed a subsidiary alliance with the British to protect her kingdom's borders.
3. She bravely took her own life with a sword to avoid being captured by the British forces.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Rani Avantibai of Ramgarh took up arms in 1857 after the British arbitrarily annexed her state under the Court of Wards (similar to the Doctrine of Lapse). After fighting valiantly, when defeat was imminent, she killed herself with her own sword to avoid capture.
Consider the following statements regarding Jhalkari Bai:
1. She was a prominent tribal leader who triggered the massive Santhal rebellion in Bengal.
2. She served in the specialized women's army (Durga Dal) of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi.
3. She famously disguised herself as the Queen to help Rani Lakshmibai escape the British siege.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Jhalkari Bai was a legendary Dalit warrior who served in Rani Lakshmibai's women's army. Bearing a striking resemblance to the Queen, she famously disguised herself as Lakshmibai and fought the British army, allowing the real Queen to escape Jhansi safely.
Consider the following statements regarding Captain Lakshmi Sahgal:
1. She actively commanded the Rani of Jhansi Regiment of the Indian National Army.
2. She held the specific portfolio of Minister of Women's Affairs in the Azad Hind government.
3. She stood as the Left Front's candidate for the Presidency of India against A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in 2002.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 1
- 2 and 3
Explanation: Captain Lakshmi Sahgal was a remarkable figure who led the INA's women's regiment, served as a minister in Subhas Chandra Bose's Provisional Government of Free India, and decades later ran for President of India as a left-wing candidate.
Consider the following statements regarding Rajkumari Amrit Kaur:
1. She served as the very first Health Minister of independent India.
2. She violently opposed the Quit India movement and openly supported the British war effort.
3. She played a pivotal role in the establishment of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
- Only 3
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was a close associate of Gandhi, serving as his secretary for 16 years. She actively participated in the Quit India movement and was arrested. As India's first Health Minister, she was instrumental in securing funding and establishing AIIMS in New Delhi.
Consider the following statements regarding Basanti Devi:
1. She fiercely opposed the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920.
2. She was a leading revolutionary who threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi.
3. She was famously arrested for selling Khadi on the streets of Calcutta, sparking massive public outrage.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
- 1 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Basanti Devi, wife of Chittaranjan Das, actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement. In 1921, she was arrested for selling Khadi on the streets of Calcutta. Her arrest sparked immense outrage and mobilized thousands of youths into the freedom struggle. She was not involved in the Assembly bomb incident (that was Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt).
Consider the following statements regarding the Desh Sevika Sangh:
1. It was a militant underground organization dedicated exclusively to armed revolution.
2. It was primarily formed to organize women for picketing during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
3. It played a major, highly visible role in enforcing the boycott of foreign goods in Bombay.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- Only 2
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
Explanation: The Desh Sevika Sangh was not an armed militant group. It was an organization of nationalist women (especially active in Bombay) who bravely engaged in peaceful picketing, successfully enforcing the boycott of foreign cloth and liquor during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Consider the following statements regarding Kamala Nehru:
1. She was the primary founder of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh's women's wing.
2. She bravely led and organized No-Tax campaigns in the United Provinces.
3. She organized massive picketing of foreign cloth and liquor shops in Allahabad.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
Explanation: Kamala Nehru (wife of Jawaharlal Nehru) was deeply involved in the Civil Disobedience Movement. She organized women to picket foreign cloth and liquor shops in Allahabad and led successful No-Tax campaigns in the UP. She had no association with the RSS.
Consider the following statements regarding Ambujammal:
1. She strongly opposed Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent political methods and advocated for armed revolt.
2. She actively imported and promoted the use of foreign cloth in the Madras Presidency.
3. She successfully led the militant armed resistance during the Chittagong armoury raid.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
- None
- Only 3
Explanation: Ambujammal was a staunch, devoted Gandhian from Madras. She enthusiastically participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, vehemently boycotted foreign cloth (promoting Khadi instead), and founded the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam for women's welfare.
Consider the following statements regarding Cornelia Sorabji:
1. She founded the Indian National Congress alongside A.O. Hume in 1885.
2. She was a prominent communist leader arrested in the Meerut Conspiracy Case.
3. She was the first female graduate of Bombay University and the first female advocate in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 1
- Only 3
Explanation: Cornelia Sorabji was a trailblazer in education and law, becoming the first female graduate of Bombay University and the first woman to practice law in India. However, politically, she was a staunch conservative who supported British rule and opposed Gandhi's nationalist movement.
Consider the following statements regarding Uda Devi:
1. She actively fought against the British forces during the 1857 rebellion in Lucknow.
2. She was a highly loyal and decorated commander in the British East India Company's army.
3. She famously positioned herself in a pipal tree and shot down several British soldiers before being killed.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 3
- Only 1
Explanation: Uda Devi, a Dalit warrior and associate of Begum Hazrat Mahal, fiercely fought the British in Lucknow. During the Battle of Sikandar Bagh (1857), she climbed a tree and sniped numerous British soldiers before being discovered and killed.
Consider the following statements regarding the Women's Indian Association (WIA):
1. It was founded in 1917 by prominent leaders including Annie Besant and Margaret Cousins.
2. It violently opposed the concept of women's suffrage and voting rights in India.
3. It legally restricted its membership exclusively to European women residing in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 1
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: The WIA was founded in 1917 by Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, and Dorothy Jinarajadasa. It was highly inclusive of Indian women and was actually the very first organization in India to actively demand women's franchise (voting rights).
Consider the following statements regarding Rani Gaidinliu:
1. She was a highly prominent tribal leader of the Santhal rebellion in central India.
2. She joined the Heraka socio-religious movement initiated by her cousin Haipou Jadonang.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru bestowed the title 'Rani' upon her for her immense bravery against the British.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- Only 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Rani Gaidinliu was a Naga spiritual and political leader from Manipur, not a participant in the Santhal rebellion. She led the Heraka movement against the British. Recognizing her courage, Jawaharlal Nehru gave her the title 'Rani' (Queen) when he met her in jail in 1937.
Consider the following statements regarding Begum Aizaz Rasul:
1. She was the only Muslim woman member of the Constituent Assembly of India.
2. She strongly campaigned for the permanent retention of separate electorates for Muslims.
3. She actively supported the abolition of separate electorates during the Assembly debates.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 3
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
Explanation: Begum Aizaz Rasul was the sole Muslim woman in the Constituent Assembly. Although she belonged to the Muslim League earlier, she famously gave up the demand for reserved seats and separate electorates, arguing they were detrimental to the integration of minorities.
Consider the following statements regarding Satyawati Devi (Delhi):
1. She was famously known and revered as the 'Nightingale of India'.
2. She strongly supported the British war effort during the Second World War.
3. She firmly opposed the rising socialist faction within the Indian National Congress.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- None
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: All statements are false. Sarojini Naidu was the 'Nightingale of India'. Satyawati Devi was a fierce nationalist and co-founder of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP) in Delhi. She vehemently opposed the British war effort and was heavily involved in organizing mill workers.
Consider the following statements regarding Madam Bhikaji Cama:
1. She unfurled the first version of the Indian national flag at the Indian National Congress session in Surat.
2. She co-founded the Paris Indian Society to promote the nationalist cause in Europe.
3. She published the revolutionary nationalist journal 'Bande Mataram' while in exile.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Madam Cama did co-found the Paris Indian Society and published 'Bande Mataram'. However, she famously unfurled the 'Flag of Indian Independence' at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907, not at the INC Surat session.
Consider the following statements regarding Kasturba Gandhi:
1. She actively presided over the historic 1929 Lahore session of the Indian National Congress.
2. She actively taught hygiene, discipline, and basic reading to women during the Champaran Satyagraha.
3. She died while under house arrest at the Aga Khan Palace during the Quit India movement.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
- 1 and 2
- 2 and 3
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the 1929 Lahore session, not Kasturba Gandhi. She played a deeply active role in the Champaran movement by organizing women's education and hygiene camps. She tragically died in 1944 while imprisoned in the Aga Khan Palace.
Consider the following statements regarding Usha Mehta:
1. She was instrumental in operating the secret Congress Radio during the 1942 Quit India Movement.
2. The radio station continuously operated from the exact same location in Bombay to avoid arousing suspicion.
3. Prominent socialist leaders like Ram Manohar Lohia frequently delivered broadcasts on her secret radio network.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Usha Mehta successfully ran the underground Congress Radio. To evade the British police, the broadcasting equipment had to be constantly shifted to different locations across Bombay, making statement 2 false. Ram Manohar Lohia was indeed a regular broadcaster.
Consider the following statements regarding women's participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement:
1. The movement marked a massive and unprecedented scale of participation by Indian women.
2. Women played a highly dominant role in picketing shops selling foreign cloth and liquor.
3. The movement significantly helped break the traditional domestic social isolation of women.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 1
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) was a watershed moment. Thousands of women stepped out of their homes, breaking traditional domestic isolation, to lead the picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops, and endure police lathi charges and imprisonment.
Consider the following statements regarding Savitribai Phule:
1. She is widely regarded as one of India's first female teachers, opening a school for girls in Pune in 1848.
2. She boldly established the 'Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha' to combat the practice of female infanticide.
3. She authored the pioneering Marathi poetry collections 'Kavya Phule' and 'Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar'.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1 and 3
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Savitribai Phule was a towering figure in the social reform movement. Along with her husband Jyotirao Phule, she opened the first school for girls in 1848, set up an infanticide prohibition home to help pregnant widows, and was a prolific Marathi writer and poet.
Consider the following statements regarding Ammu Swaminathan:
1. She strongly defended the rigid caste system and the practice of untouchability.
2. She served as a prominent and vocal member of the Constituent Assembly of India.
3. She firmly opposed the Quit India Movement and actively supported the British administration.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Ammu Swaminathan was a fierce anti-caste social reformer, an active freedom fighter (participating in Quit India), and a member of the Constituent Assembly. Her daughter, Captain Lakshmi Sahgal, was also a legendary freedom fighter in the INA.
Consider the following statements regarding women in the Constituent Assembly:
1. A total of exactly fifteen women members served in the Constituent Assembly of India.
2. Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, and Durgabai Deshmukh were among its prominent members.
3. No women from the Dalit or Muslim communities were ever elected to the Assembly.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 3
Explanation: Exactly 15 women helped draft the Indian Constitution, including Naidu, Mehta, and Deshmukh. Statement 3 is false: Dakshayani Velayudhan (Dalit) and Begum Aizaz Rasul (Muslim) were prominently elected to the Constituent Assembly.
Consider the following statements regarding Vijayalakshmi Pandit:
1. She was the very first Indian woman to become a cabinet minister in a provincial government.
2. She served as the first female Prime Minister of independent India.
3. She strictly avoided the national movement and actively collaborated with the colonial British regime.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- Only 1
- None
- 1 and 3
Explanation: Vijayalakshmi Pandit (Nehru's sister) was deeply involved in the freedom struggle and was arrested multiple times. In 1937, she became the Minister of Local Self-Government and Public Health in the United Provinces (first woman cabinet minister). She later became the first female President of the UN General Assembly, but Indira Gandhi was the first female PM.
Consider the following statements regarding A.V. Kuttimalu Amma:
1. She was a prominent militant revolutionary leader operating strictly in the Bengal province.
2. She famously led Congress protest processions while holding her two-month-old baby in her arms.
3. She violently assassinated a British district magistrate during the Quit India movement.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
Explanation: A.V. Kuttimalu Amma was a leading Gandhian freedom fighter from the Malabar region (Kerala), not Bengal. She courageously defied the British ban on processions during the Civil Disobedience Movement, marching with her infant child in her arms.
Consider the following statements regarding Sister Nivedita:
1. Margaret Noble was given the name 'Nivedita' (the Dedicated) by Swami Vivekananda.
2. She actively supported the Swadeshi movement and promoted Indian indigenous industries.
3. She provided crucial financial and moral support to the pioneering Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
Explanation: Sister Nivedita (Margaret Noble) was a staunch disciple of Vivekananda. Beyond her spiritual work, she was a fierce nationalist who supported the Swadeshi movement, revolutionary activities in Bengal, and funded J.C. Bose's scientific research to prove Indian intellectual capacity.
Consider the following statements regarding Sucheta Kripalani:
1. She successfully founded the women's wing of the Congress, the All India Mahila Congress, in 1940.
2. She was the very first woman to serve as the Governor of an independent Indian state.
3. She famously sang Vande Mataram in the Constituent Assembly just before midnight on August 14, 1947.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
Explanation: Sucheta Kripalani founded the AIMC in 1940 and sang the national song during the transfer of power. However, she was the first female *Chief Minister* of an Indian state (Uttar Pradesh). Sarojini Naidu was the first female *Governor*.
Consider the following statements regarding Matangini Hazra:
1. She actively participated in the Quit India Movement in the Midnapore district of Bengal.
2. She was affectionately referred to by the local populace as 'Gandhi Buri' or Old Lady Gandhi.
3. She was shot dead by the British police while peacefully leading a procession with the national flag.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- Only 3
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Matangini Hazra (Gandhi Buri) was a 73-year-old revolutionary from Midnapore. During the Quit India Movement in 1942, she courageously led a massive procession toward the Tamluk police station and was fatally shot by the British while holding the tricolor.
Consider the following statements regarding Abadi Bano Begum (Bi Amma):
1. She actively participated in and mobilized masses for the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements.
2. She strongly opposed Mahatma Gandhi's political methods and advocated for armed rebellion.
3. She famously addressed massive public gatherings, breaking traditional orthodox constraints.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 3
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Bi Amma, the mother of the Ali brothers, was a staunch supporter of Gandhi and the Non-Cooperation/Khilafat movement. Despite her orthodox background, she famously cast off strict purdah restrictions to travel and address massive crowds to raise funds for the nationalist cause.
Consider the following statements regarding Accamma Cherian:
1. She is popularly and affectionately known as the 'Jhansi Rani of Travancore'.
2. She boldly led a massive mass rally demanding the release of political prisoners in Travancore.
3. She commanded the all-female combat battalion of the Indian National Army in Burma.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
Explanation: Accamma Cherian led a massive, courageous protest march against the Dewan of Travancore in 1938 to release state Congress leaders, earning her the title 'Jhansi Rani of Travancore' from Gandhi. The INA women's battalion was commanded by Captain Lakshmi Sahgal.
Consider the following statements regarding Leela Roy (Leela Nag):
1. She founded the Dipali Sangha in Dhaka to impart political and physical training to women.
2. She was a close associate of Subhas Chandra Bose and an active member of the Forward Bloc.
3. She was the only woman from Bengal to be elected to the Constituent Assembly of India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Leela Roy was a towering revolutionary and political leader in Bengal. She established the Dipali Sangha for women's empowerment, closely allied with Subhas Chandra Bose's radical Forward Bloc, and holds the distinction of being Bengal's sole female representative in the Constituent Assembly.
Consider the following statements regarding women's participation in the Swadeshi Movement (1905):
1. Women actively participated by fiercely boycotting foreign goods and picketing liquor shops.
2. The movement completely failed to mobilize women residing in urban centers like Calcutta.
3. Many women enthusiastically donated their gold jewelry and personal savings to the national Swadeshi fund.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- Only 1
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: The Swadeshi Movement marked a major turning point as women stepped out of their homes in large numbers. Urban women in places like Calcutta were actually highly mobilized, engaging in boycotts, participating in arandhan (not cooking), and donating their jewelry to fund the movement.
Consider the following statements regarding Nanibala Devi:
1. She was the first woman state prisoner in Bengal under the draconian Regulation III of 1818.
2. She actively assisted the Jugantar revolutionary group led by Bagha Jatin.
3. She famously disguised herself as a widow to securely transmit secret weapons and information.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 1
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Nanibala Devi was a fearless revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group. She famously disguised herself as a widow to enter a prison to secure the location of hidden Mauser pistols. She became the first female state prisoner in Bengal under Regulation III.
Consider the following statements regarding Tarabai Shinde:
1. She authored the pioneering and provocative feminist text 'Stri Purush Tulana'.
2. Her work fiercely criticized the patriarchal double standards in 19th-century Indian society.
3. She was a prominent associate and supporter of the social reformer Jyotirao Phule.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Tarabai Shinde, an associate of Jyotirao and Savitribai Phule, wrote 'Stri Purush Tulana' (A Comparison Between Women and Men) in 1882. It is widely considered one of India's first modern feminist texts, harshly critiquing patriarchal hypocrisy and caste discrimination.
Consider the following statements regarding Annie Besant:
1. She originally founded the Theosophical Society in New York before shifting to India.
2. She was the very first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress.
3. She fiercely opposed the launch of the Home Rule Movement in India during World War I.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- None
- Only 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: All statements are false. The Theosophical Society was founded by Helena Blavatsky and Henry Olcott (Besant joined later). She was British/Irish, not Indian. She was the primary pioneer who actively launched and led the Home Rule Movement in India in 1916.
Consider the following statements regarding Kanaklata Barua:
1. She was a prominent and highly radical leader of the Ghadar Party operating in North America.
2. She was affectionately known as 'Birbala' due to her immense courage in the freedom struggle in Assam.
3. She was martyred by police fire while leading a procession to hoist the national flag during the Quit India movement.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Kanaklata Barua (Birbala) was a 17-year-old martyr from Assam. She was a leading member of the Mrityu Bahini (Death Squad) during the 1942 Quit India Movement. She was fatally shot by the British while bravely holding the national flag during a march to the Gohpur Police Station. She was not associated with the Ghadar Party.
Consider the following statements regarding Sarojini Naidu:
1. She was the very first woman to ever preside over an annual session of the Indian National Congress.
2. She heavily boycotted the Second Round Table Conference along with Mahatma Gandhi.
3. She took over the leadership of the Dharasana Satyagraha following the arrests of Gandhi and Abbas Tyabji.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
Explanation: Annie Besant (1917) was the first woman President of the INC; Sarojini Naidu (1925) was the first *Indian* woman. She did not boycott the Second Round Table Conference; she attended it in London with Gandhi. She heroically led the Dharasana salt raid in 1930.
Consider the following statements regarding Parbati Giri:
1. She was a prominent freedom fighter affectionately known as the 'Mother Teresa of Western Odisha'.
2. She actively participated in the Quit India Movement and was imprisoned by the British.
3. She led the militant armed resistance during the famous Chittagong Armoury Raid.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- Only 1
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 3
Explanation: Parbati Giri was a dedicated Gandhian freedom fighter from Odisha who participated in the Quit India Movement at the age of 16. Post-independence, her immense social work earned her the title 'Mother Teresa of Western Odisha'. She was not involved in the Chittagong raid.
Consider the following statements regarding Aruna Asaf Ali:
1. She famously hoisted the Indian National Congress flag at the Gowalia Tank maidan during the Quit India movement.
2. She served as the very first woman President of the Indian National Congress before independence.
3. She fiercely opposed the formation of the Congress Socialist Party and advocated for right-wing policies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 1
- 1 and 3
- 2 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Aruna Asaf Ali is celebrated as the 'Heroine of the 1942 movement' for hoisting the flag at Gowalia Tank. Annie Besant and Sarojini Naidu were the first women presidents of the INC, not Aruna. Furthermore, she was a core, radical member of the left-wing Congress Socialist Party, editing its journal 'Inquilab'.
Consider the following statements regarding women in the Indian National Army (INA):
1. The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was formed as an all-female combat unit of the INA.
2. The regiment was heavily deployed in the European theater against Nazi Germany.
3. The regiment was commanded by the highly capable revolutionary, Captain Lakshmi Sahgal.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 3
Explanation: The Rani of Jhansi Regiment, commanded by Captain Lakshmi Sahgal, was a pioneering all-female combat unit. However, the INA operated exclusively in the Southeast Asian theater (Burma, Malaya, Imphal), fighting the British, and was never deployed in Europe.
Consider the following statements regarding Pritilata Waddedar:
1. She courageously led a successful armed attack on the Pahartali European Club in Chittagong.
2. She consumed a fatal cyanide pill to avoid being captured alive by the British police.
3. She survived the freedom struggle and later served as a member of the first Indian Lok Sabha.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 1
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Pritilata Waddedar was a prominent Bengali revolutionary. She successfully led the 1932 attack on the Pahartali European Club (which had a sign reading 'Dogs and Indians not allowed'). Wounded and cornered, she swallowed cyanide to avoid arrest and was martyred at age 21.
Consider the following statements regarding Sarala Devi Chaudhurani:
1. She founded the Bharat Stree Mahamandal, considered the first major all-India women's organization.
2. She promoted martial arts and physical culture among the youth in Bengal to prepare them for struggle.
3. She consistently aligned herself with the moderate faction of the Congress and opposed militant nationalism.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 1
- 1 and 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Sarala Devi founded the Bharat Stree Mahamandal (1910). To foster nationalist spirit, she organized festivals (like Pratapaditya Utsav) promoting physical culture and martial arts. Contrary to statement 3, she was a staunch supporter of militant nationalism and closely associated with the extremists.
Consider the following statements regarding Dakshayani Velayudhan:
1. She firmly supported the continuation of separate electorates for the depressed classes.
2. She was the first female Governor of an independent Indian state after 1947.
3. She holds the distinction of being the first and only Dalit woman elected to the Constituent Assembly.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 3
- 1 and 3
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Dakshayani Velayudhan was the only Dalit woman in the Constituent Assembly. Strongly influenced by Gandhi, she famously opposed B.R. Ambedkar's demand for separate electorates, arguing that it would permanently divide the nation. Sarojini Naidu was the first female Governor.
Consider the following statements regarding Durgabai Deshmukh:
1. She was the founding commander of the Indian National Army's women's wing in Southeast Asia.
2. She played a highly crucial role in organizing the Salt Satyagraha in the city of Madras.
3. She is highly revered as the 'Iron Lady' for establishing the prominent Andhra Mahila Sabha.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
- 2 and 3
Explanation: Durgabai Deshmukh was a prominent freedom fighter from Andhra/Madras. She took over the leadership of the Salt Satyagraha in Madras after the arrest of T. Prakasam. She founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha and is known as the 'Iron Lady'. The INA women's wing was commanded by Lakshmi Sahgal.
Consider the following statements regarding Mithuben Petit:
1. She was a prominent leader of the militant Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
2. She played a major organizing role alongside Sardar Patel during the Bardoli Satyagraha.
3. She was exiled to the Cellular Jail in the Andamans for the rest of her life.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Mithuben Petit was a wealthy Parsi nationalist and a devoted follower of Mahatma Gandhi. She actively organized the Bardoli Satyagraha and the Salt March, adhering strictly to non-violence. She was not a militant nor exiled to the Cellular Jail.
Consider the following statements regarding Swarnakumari Devi:
1. She was one of the first prominent female novelists in Bengali literature.
2. She was the very first British woman to officially join the Indian National Congress.
3. She served as the Viceroy of India for a brief interim period in the early 20th century.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- Only 1
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Swarnakumari Devi (the elder sister of Rabindranath Tagore) was a pioneering Bengali novelist and poet. In 1889, she and Kadambari Ganguly became the first two women delegates to attend the Indian National Congress session. She was an Indian national, not British.
Consider the following statements regarding the All India Women's Conference (AIWC):
1. It was founded in 1927 under the leadership of Margaret Cousins.
2. It violently opposed the Indian independence movement and supported colonial rule.
3. It was an organization exclusively reserved for European women residing in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- Only 2
- Only 1
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: The AIWC was founded in 1927 by Margaret Cousins to promote women's education and social reform. It was a fiercely nationalist, indigenous organization led by Indian women (like Maharani Chimnabai and Sarojini Naidu), and did not oppose the independence movement.
Consider the following statements regarding the flag unfurled by Madam Cama in 1907:
1. The flag predominantly featured twelve lotuses to represent the twelve British Indian provinces.
2. The flag exclusively featured the English language to appeal to international socialist audiences.
3. It was unfurled for the very first time at a major political conference in London.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- None
- 1 and 2
- Only 2
Explanation: All statements are incorrect. The flag featured eight lotuses (representing the 8 provinces). It prominently featured the words 'Vande Mataram' written in the Devanagari script (not English). Finally, it was unfurled at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany, not London.
Consider the following statements regarding Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddi:
1. She strongly defended the continuation of the Devadasi system to preserve traditional Hindu culture.
2. She was the first woman legislator to be appointed to a legislative council in British India.
3. She was a prominent, militant underground leader of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- 2 and 3
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Muthulakshmi Reddi was a social reformer and the first woman legislator in India (Madras Legislative Council). She waged a massive campaign to *abolish* the Devadasi system, not preserve it. She was a medical doctor and social activist, completely unrelated to the militant HSRA.
Consider the following statements regarding Subhadra Kumari Chauhan:
1. She was a prominent and courageous leader of the Jhanda Satyagraha in Jabalpur.
2. She famously authored the immortal, highly nationalist Hindi poem 'Jhansi Ki Rani'.
3. She carefully avoided all forms of political imprisonment during her lifetime.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan was a fiery poet and freedom fighter. She led the Flag Satyagraha (Jhanda Satyagraha) in Jabalpur in 1923 and wrote 'Jhansi Ki Rani'. She was arrested multiple times, becoming the first woman Satyagrahi arrested in Nagpur.
Consider the following statements regarding Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay:
1. She successfully convinced Mahatma Gandhi to allow women to participate openly in the Salt Satyagraha.
2. She was the first Indian woman to become a cabinet minister in a provincial colonial government.
3. She strongly rejected the revival of indigenous Indian handicrafts, viewing them as a backward economic step.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- Only 1
- 1 and 2
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay persuaded Gandhi to make the Salt March inclusive of women. She was the first woman to *run* for a legislative seat in India (Madras, 1926), but Vijayalakshmi Pandit was the first cabinet minister. Post-independence, Kamaladevi was actually the greatest champion of reviving Indian handicrafts.
Consider the following statements regarding Pandita Ramabai:
1. She founded the Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune to promote women's education and deliverance from oppression.
2. She established the Sharada Sadan to help and educate destitute widows in Maharashtra.
3. She remained a staunch, orthodox Hindu scholar throughout her entire life.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 1
Explanation: Pandita Ramabai was a brilliant Sanskrit scholar who founded the Arya Mahila Samaj and the Sharada Sadan to uplift widows. However, disillusioned with orthodox Hindu patriarchy, she famously converted to Christianity during her travels in England.
Consider the following statements regarding Nellie Sengupta:
1. She was an Indian-born woman who married a prominent British parliamentarian and settled in London.
2. She strongly condemned the Civil Disobedience Movement and urged Indians to cooperate with the British.
3. She was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress at the highly contested 1933 Calcutta session.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
- Only 3
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Nellie Sengupta was actually an Englishwoman who married the Indian nationalist J.M. Sengupta. She deeply identified with the Indian cause, actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement (facing arrest), and was elected INC President in 1933 when Madan Mohan Malaviya was arrested.
Consider the following statements regarding Bhogeswari Phukanani:
1. She was a prominent and highly decorated leader of the Indian National Army in Malaya.
2. She signed the historic Poona Pact alongside Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi.
3. She was martyred while fiercely protecting the national flag during the Quit India movement in Assam.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 3
- 1 and 2
- 2 and 3
Explanation: Bhogeswari Phukanani was a 57-year-old martyr from Nagaon, Assam. During the 1942 Quit India Movement, when a British officer attempted to seize the national flag from her grand-daughter, Bhogeswari struck him with the flagpole and was subsequently shot dead.
Consider the following statements regarding Kalpana Datta:
1. She was a prominent and active member of Surya Sen's Indian Republican Army in Chittagong.
2. She was ultimately captured by the British and sentenced to transportation for life.
3. She successfully assassinated the British Governor of Bengal, Stanley Jackson, at a convocation ceremony.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- Only 2
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Kalpana Datta was a key revolutionary in the Chittagong armoury raid alongside Surya Sen and was sentenced to transportation for life. The assassination attempt on Governor Stanley Jackson was actually carried out by another revolutionary, Bina Das.
Consider the following statements regarding Begum Hazrat Mahal:
1. She took over the administration of Awadh and fiercely led the 1857 uprising in Lucknow.
2. She absolutely refused to accept British pensions and amnesty, eventually dying in asylum in Nepal.
3. She signed the Doctrine of Lapse willingly in order to protect her son's royal titles.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 3
- Only 1
- 1, 2, 3
- 1 and 2
Explanation: Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt in Lucknow on behalf of her minor son, Birjis Qadr, after her husband was exiled. She fiercely opposed the British, refused their offers of amnesty and pension, and retreated to Nepal where she died. The Doctrine of Lapse did not apply to Awadh (it was annexed on grounds of misgovernance).
Consider the following statements regarding Rukmini Lakshmipathi:
1. She was the very first woman to pay the penalty for violating the colonial Salt Law.
2. She fiercely opposed the Civil Disobedience Movement and supported the British salt monopoly.
3. She actively participated in the famous Vedaranyam salt march in the Madras Presidency.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Only 2
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2, 3
Explanation: Rukmini Lakshmipathi was a staunch nationalist who actively participated in C. Rajagopalachari's Vedaranyam salt march. She was arrested and has the historic distinction of being the first female prisoner to pay a fine for breaking the Salt Law.
Consider the following statements regarding Hansa Mehta:
1. She fiercely opposed the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
2. She served as the President of the prominent All India Women's Conference.
3. She hoisted the first national flag on behalf of the women of India in the Constituent Assembly.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1, 2, 3
- Only 1
- 1 and 3
- 2 and 3
Explanation: Hansa Mehta actually played a pivotal role in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, famously changing the phrase 'All men are born free' to 'All human beings are born free'. She was a prominent AIWC leader and presented the national flag in the Constituent Assembly.