Who accompanied Gandhi as his personal secretary to the Second RTC?
- Mahadev Desai
- C Rajagopalachari
- Pyarelal Nayyar
- J B Kripalani
Explanation: Mahadev Desai traveled to London to assist Gandhi during the grueling negotiations of the Second Conference.
Which judicial institution was established by the subsequent 1935 Act?
- Supreme Court
- High Court
- Privy Council
- Federal Court
Explanation: The Government of India Act 1935, resulting from the RTCs, established the Federal Court of India, which began functioning in 1937.
Who represented the Indian landlords/zamindars at the RTC?
- Maharaja of Patiala
- Maharaja of Darbhanga
- Nizam of Hyderabad
- Nawab of Awadh
Explanation: Kameshwar Singh, the influential Maharaja of Darbhanga, represented the landed aristocracy of India.
The 1933 British 'White Paper' was reviewed by a joint committee led by?
- Lord Mountbatten
- Lord Linlithgow
- Winston Churchill
- John Simon
Explanation: Lord Linlithgow chaired the Joint Select Committee of the British Parliament that analyzed the White Paper.
Which historic venue hosted all three Round Table Conferences?
- St James Palace
- Windsor Castle
- Buckingham Palace
- Westminster Abbey
Explanation: All three sessions of the Round Table Conferences were held at St. James's Palace in London.
Who represented Indian women at the Second Round Table Conference alongside Annie Besant?
- Sarojini Naidu
- Aruna Asaf Ali
- Madam Cama
- Sucheta Kripalani
Explanation: Sarojini Naidu formally represented Indian women at the Second Round Table Conference.
In which year did the Second Round Table Conference take place?
Explanation: The Second Round Table Conference convened in London from September to December 1931.
In which month did the First Round Table Conference officially begin?
- August
- March
- November
- January
Explanation: The First Round Table Conference was inaugurated by King George V on November 12, 1930.
In which ship did Mahatma Gandhi travel to London to attend the Second RTC?
- HMS Beagle
- SS Viceroy
- RMS Titanic
- SS Rajputana
Explanation: Gandhi set sail for London on the SS Rajputana on August 29, 1931.
Which ruler prominently advocated for the All-India Federation at the First RTC?
- Nizam of Hyderabad
- Maharaja of Kashmir
- Maharaja of Bikaner
- Nawab of Junagadh
Explanation: Ganga Singh, the Maharaja of Bikaner, strongly advocated for the princely states to join the proposed federation.
Where was Gandhi imprisoned when the Communal Award was announced?
- Aga Khan Palace
- Alipore Central Jail
- Yerwada Central Jail
- Cellular Jail
Explanation: Gandhi was incarcerated in the Yerwada Central Jail in Poona when Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award in 1932.
Who was the President of the Congress during the First RTC?
- Sardar Patel
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Motilal Nehru
- Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru was the INC President when the First RTC began, having been elected at the 1929 Lahore session.
The findings and conclusions of the three conferences were ultimately published in 1933 as a?
- Joint Report
- Blue Book
- White Paper
- Magna Carta
Explanation: The British government published a 'White Paper' in March 1933 outlining the proposed constitutional reforms.
The Congress suspended which movement to participate in the Second RTC?
- Civil Disobedience
- Swadeshi Movement
- Non Cooperation
- Quit India
Explanation: As part of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Who was the British Viceroy of India during the First Round Table Conference?
- Lord Willingdon
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Linlithgow
- Lord Reading
Explanation: Lord Irwin was the Viceroy during the First RTC, later signing the famous pact with Gandhi in 1931.
Which prominent political body completely boycotted the First Round Table Conference?
- Indian National Congress
- Muslim League
- Hindu Mahasabha
- Liberal Party
Explanation: The Indian National Congress boycotted the First Conference as many of its leaders were imprisoned during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
What was the British Labour Party's stance regarding the Third RTC?
- Boycotted It
- Fully Supported
- Led the Conference
- Partially Attended
Explanation: The British Labour Party completely refused to participate in the Third Round Table Conference.
Which British Prime Minister inaugurated the First Round Table Conference?
- Clement Attlee
- Winston Churchill
- Neville Chamberlain
- Ramsay MacDonald
Explanation: British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald chaired and inaugurated the First Round Table Conference in November 1930.
Who was the sole official representative of the Indian National Congress at the Second RTC?
- Sardar Patel
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Abul Kalam Azad
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was nominated as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress at the Second Round Table Conference.
What was the total number of delegates at the First RTC?
- Sixty Eight
- Fifty Five
- Eighty Nine
- Seventy Two
Explanation: A total of 89 delegates (16 British, 16 from Princely States, and 57 from British India) attended the First RTC.
Which British political party came to power in a coalition during the Second RTC?
- Liberal Party
- Whig Party
- Labour Party
- Conservative Party
Explanation: A Conservative-dominated 'National Government' took power during the conference, altering the British stance to a more rigid one.
What highly controversial award was announced in 1932 resulting from the RTC deadlock?
- Balfour Declaration
- Montagu Declaration
- August Offer
- Communal Award
Explanation: Following the deadlock on minority representation, Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award in August 1932.
Where were all three Round Table Conferences held?
- London
- Edinburgh
- Manchester
- New Delhi
Explanation: All three Round Table Conferences were held in London, England, between 1930 and 1932.
The Round Table Conferences were primarily convened to discuss the recommendations of?
- Simon Commission
- Cabinet Mission
- Cripps Mission
- Hunter Commission
Explanation: The conferences were held to discuss the constitutional reforms recommended by the Simon Commission report.
How many Indian princes (or their representatives) attended the First RTC?
- Twenty
- Sixteen
- Ten
- Twelve
Explanation: Sixteen representatives from the Indian Princely States attended the first session to discuss the proposed All-India Federation.
How many delegates attended the heavily downsized Third RTC?
- Seventy One
- Forty Six
- Fifty Two
- Sixty Five
Explanation: Only 46 delegates attended the brief and largely inconsequential Third Round Table Conference in 1932.
Who succeeded Lord Irwin as the Viceroy of India just before the Second RTC?
- Lord Wavell
- Lord Linlithgow
- Lord Willingdon
- Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Lord Willingdon replaced Lord Irwin in April 1931 and adopted a much harsher, less conciliatory approach towards Indians.
During the Second RTC, minorities forged a 'Minorities Pact' primarily to isolate?
- British Prime Minister
- B R Ambedkar
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Viceroy of India
Explanation: Representatives of Muslims, Depressed Classes, Indian Christians, and others formed a pact to counter Gandhi's claim of representing all of India.
Who signed the Poona Pact on behalf of upper-caste Hindus?
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Patel
- Madan Mohan Malaviya
Explanation: Madan Mohan Malaviya signed the Poona Pact on behalf of caste Hindus to end Gandhi's fast against the Communal Award.
Who represented the Hindu Mahasabha at the Round Table Conferences?
- B S Moonje
- Lala Lajpat Rai
- V D Savarkar
- Madan Mohan Malaviya
Explanation: Dr. B.S. Moonje and M.R. Jayakar were prominent representatives for the Hindu Mahasabha.
Which female delegate actively attended all three Round Table Conferences?
- Annie Besant
- Sucheta Kripalani
- Begum Shah Nawaz
- Sarojini Naidu
Explanation: Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz was the only Indian woman delegate to attend all three conferences in London.
The Gandhi-Irwin pact explicitly allowed for the peaceful picketing of?
- Railway Stations
- Police Stations
- Liquor and Cloth
- Government Offices
Explanation: The British conceded the right to peaceful, non-aggressive picketing of shops selling liquor and foreign cloth.
The Federal Structure Committee at the RTC was chaired by?
- John Simon
- Lord Sankey
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Lothian
Explanation: Lord Sankey chaired the crucial Federal Structure Committee during the first two conferences.
Which prominent Indian businessman attended the Second RTC alongside G.D. Birla?
- Jamnalal Bajaj
- JRD Tata
- Purshottamdas Thakurdas
- Walchand Hirachand
Explanation: Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas, representing the Indian commercial community, attended the Second RTC to safeguard Indian economic interests.
The 1933 White Paper became the direct basis for which major legislative act?
- 1947 Independence Act
- 1909 Minto Morley
- 1935 India Act
- 1919 India Act
Explanation: The discussions of the RTCs and the subsequent White Paper culminated in the Government of India Act 1935.
Which agreement facilitated the Congress's participation in the Second Round Table Conference?
- Poona Pact
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- Delhi Manifesto
- Lucknow Pact
Explanation: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of March 1931 led the Congress to suspend civil disobedience and agree to attend the Second RTC.
Who attended all three conferences representing the Indian Liberal Party?
- C R Das
- Motilal Nehru
- Subhas Chandra Bose
- Tej Bahadur Sapru
Explanation: Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, a prominent Liberal leader, attended all three conferences to advocate for constitutional reforms.
Who was the principal leader of the Muslim delegation at the RTCs?
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- Maulana Azad
- Aga Khan III
- Liaquat Ali Khan
Explanation: Aga Khan III led the Muslim delegation and played a major role in drafting the Minorities Pact.
Which Indian political conferences did the Congress entirely boycott?
- Only the First
- Only the Third
- First and Third
- Second and Third
Explanation: The Indian National Congress completely boycotted the First (1930) and Third (1932) Round Table Conferences.
Which prominent Indian industrialist attended the Second RTC as an adviser to Gandhi?
- Walchand Hirachand
- Jamnalal Bajaj
- JRD Tata
- G D Birla
Explanation: G.D. Birla, a close associate and financier of Gandhi, accompanied him to London for the conference.
Who represented the Indian Christian community at the First RTC?
- K T Paul
- C F Andrews
- Rettamalai Srinivasan
- George Thomas
Explanation: K.T. Paul, a prominent leader and president of the YMCA, officially represented Indian Christians.
Which committee was formed after RTC1 to determine voting rights?
- Butler Committee
- Lord Lothian Committee
- Muddiman Committee
- Simon Commission
Explanation: The Indian Franchise Committee, also known as the Lothian Committee, was set up to expand the franchise.
Who was the Secretary of State for India during the Second and Third RTCs?
- Wedgwood Benn
- Lord Birkenhead
- Edwin Montagu
- Samuel Hoare
Explanation: Sir Samuel Hoare succeeded Wedgwood Benn as Secretary of State and was known for his conservative, rigid stance.
A major recommendation of the Simon Commission discussed at RTC1 was?
- Separate Pakistan
- Abolishing Dyarchy
- Universal Adult Franchise
- Complete Independence
Explanation: The commission recommended abolishing the flawed dyarchy system in the provinces and introducing provincial autonomy.
Who represented the Sikh community prominently at the First Round Table Conference?
- Baldev Singh
- Tara Singh
- Ujjal Singh
- Ranjit Singh
Explanation: Sardar Ujjal Singh and Sardar Sampuran Singh officially represented the Sikh community at the conference.
Who attended all three Round Table Conferences as a representative of the Depressed Classes?
- B R Ambedkar
- Jagjivan Ram
- Mahatma Gandhi
- M C Rajah
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar participated in all three conferences, steadfastly demanding separate electorates for the Depressed Classes.
Ramsay MacDonald's 1931 UK coalition government was officially called the?
- Conservative Government
- Liberal Government
- National Government
- Labour Government
Explanation: Following a political crisis, MacDonald formed a Conservative-dominated 'National Government', which hardened the British stance on India.
What was the primary language used for formal proceedings at the RTCs?
- English
- Hindi
- French
- Urdu
Explanation: All official proceedings, debates, and documentation at the conferences in London were conducted in English.
The core disagreement between Gandhi and Ambedkar at the RTCs was over?
- Provincial Autonomy
- Federal Structure
- Separate Electorates
- Complete Independence
Explanation: Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for Depressed Classes, which Gandhi vehemently opposed, fearing it would divide Hindu society.
Who formally nominated Sarojini Naidu to attend the Second RTC?
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Indian National Congress
- Mahatma Gandhi
- British Viceroy
Explanation: While Gandhi was the sole Congress representative, Sarojini Naidu attended as a representative of Indian women, officially nominated by the Viceroy.
Which important Indian leader was famously called a 'Half-naked Fakir' during this period in London?
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Patel
- B R Ambedkar
- Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Winston Churchill notoriously referred to Gandhi as a 'half-naked seditious fakir' during his visit for the conference.
What was Gandhi's core demand at the Second Round Table Conference?
- Immediate Dominion Status
- Immediate Purna Swaraj
- Separate Electorates
- Provincial Autonomy Only
Explanation: Gandhi insisted on immediate establishment of a responsible government at the center and complete independence (Purna Swaraj).
Who played a key role in mediating the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
- Tej Bahadur Sapru
- Subhas Chandra Bose
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Moderate leaders like Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. Jayakar played crucial roles in bridging the gap between Gandhi and Viceroy Irwin.
Who prominently represented the Anglo-Indian community at the conferences?
- Henry Gidney
- Allan Octavian Hume
- William Wedderburn
- C F Andrews
Explanation: Sir Henry Gidney officially represented the Anglo-Indian community at the Round Table Conferences.
Who accompanied B.R. Ambedkar to officially represent the Depressed Classes?
- M C Rajah
- Rettamalai Srinivasan
- Jagjivan Ram
- Periyar EVR
Explanation: Rettamalai Srinivasan, a prominent Dalit leader from Madras, represented the Depressed Classes alongside Ambedkar.
The RTCs were essentially convened by the British to draft a?
- New Constitution
- Peace Treaty
- Trade Agreement
- War Declaration
Explanation: The ultimate goal of the Round Table Conferences was to frame a new constitutional framework for India.
Which major issue led to the failure and deadlock of the Second Round Table Conference?
- Dominion Status Date
- Viceroy's Veto Power
- Communal Representation
- Defense Budget
Explanation: The conference broke down over the Minorities Question, as various groups fiercely demanded separate electorates.
The concept of an 'All-India Federation' was first formally accepted in principle during which conference?
- Second Conference
- Third Conference
- First Conference
- None of them
Explanation: During the First RTC, the princes surprisingly agreed to join an All-India Federation, making it a viable constitutional proposition.
Who was the prominent Muslim League leader who attended the First and Second RTCs but was excluded from the Third?
- Aga Khan
- Liaquat Ali Khan
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- Maulana Azad
Explanation: Jinnah attended the first two conferences but was not invited to the third due to his unyielding stances.
Who represented the Non-Brahmin Justice Party at the conferences?
- Periyar EVR
- A P Patro
- K Kamaraj
- C N Annadurai
Explanation: Sir A.P. Patro and others represented the Justice Party, advocating for non-Brahmin rights in Madras.