Profit Loss And Discounts MCQs

A trader buys an article for ₹480 and sells it for ₹552. What is his profit percentage?

A. 15%
B. 13.04%
C. 12%
D. 18%

Explanation: Profit = SP - CP = ₹552 - ₹480 = ₹72. Profit% = (72/480)×100 = 15%. Option A is correct. Option B (13.04%) is the common error of calculating profit on SP instead of CP: (72/552)×100 = 13.04%. Option C uses wrong profit amount (₹60). Option D adds 20% to CP.

An article purchased for ₹750 is sold for ₹600. What is the loss percentage?

A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 15%
D. 30%

Explanation: Loss = CP - SP = ₹750 - ₹600 = ₹150. Loss% = (150/750)×100 = 20%. Option B is correct. Option A (25%) is the error of calculating loss on SP: (150/600)×100 = 25%. Option C uses wrong loss amount. Option D uses wrong base.

At what price should an article costing ₹640 be sold to earn a profit of 25%?

A. ₹780
B. ₹760
C. ₹800
D. ₹820

Explanation: SP = CP × (100 + Gain%)/100 = 640 × 125/100 = ₹800. Option C is correct. Option A (₹780) is the error of calculating 25% on a wrong base. Option B (₹760) is CP + 25% of 480 (wrong CP). Option D is CP + 25% of 720.

If an article is sold for ₹990 at a profit of 10%, what is the cost price?

A. ₹891
B. ₹1,089
C. ₹1,000
D. ₹900

Explanation: CP = SP × 100/(100 + Profit%) = 990 × 100/110 = ₹900. Option D is correct. Option A (₹891) is the error of calculating 10% of SP (₹99) and subtracting from SP. Option B (₹1,089) is the error of adding 10% of SP instead of finding CP. Option C is a rough estimate.

An article is sold for ₹855 at a loss of 5%. What was the cost price?

A. ₹900
B. ₹950
C. ₹812
D. ₹1,000

Explanation: CP = SP × 100/(100 - Loss%) = 855 × 100/95 = ₹900. Option A is correct. Option B (₹950) is the error of adding 5% of SP (₹42.75) to SP. Option C (₹812) is the error of subtracting 5% from SP. Option D is a rough estimate.

Two articles are sold for ₹960 each. On one, the gain is 20% and on the other, the loss is 20%. What is the overall result?

A. No profit no loss
B. 4% loss
C. 4% profit
D. 8% loss

Explanation: CP of first = 960/1.2 = ₹800; CP of second = 960/0.8 = ₹1,200. Total CP = ₹2,000, Total SP = ₹1,920. Loss = ₹80. Loss% = (80/2000)×100 = 4%. Option B is correct. Option A is the common error of assuming +20% and -20% cancel out. Option D doubles the percentage. Option C reverses the sign.

Two articles are sold for ₹800 each. On one there is a gain of 25% and on the other a loss of 25%. What is the overall result?

A. 6.25% loss
B. No profit no loss
C. 12.5% loss
D. 6.25% profit

Explanation: CP of first = 800/1.25 = ₹640; CP of second = 800/0.75 = ₹1,066.67. Total CP = ₹1,706.67, Total SP = ₹1,600. Loss = ₹106.67. Loss% = (106.67/1706.67)×100 = 6.25%. Option A is correct. Option B assumes cancellation. Option C doubles the percentage. Option D reverses sign.

Two articles are sold for ₹990 each, one at a profit of 10% and the other at a loss of 10%. What is the net result?

A. 1% loss
B. No profit no loss
C. 2% loss
D. 1% profit

Explanation: CP of first = 990/1.1 = ₹900; CP of second = 990/0.9 = ₹1,100. Total CP = ₹2,000, Total SP = ₹1,980. Loss = ₹20. Loss% = (20/2000)×100 = 1%. Option A is correct. Option B assumes cancellation. Option C doubles the percentage. Option D reverses sign.

A shopkeeper sells 900 grams of goods using a false weight of 1 kg, charging the price of 1 kg. What is his profit percentage?

A. 11.11%
B. 10%
C. 12.5%
D. 9.09%

Explanation: He gives 900g but charges for 1000g. Profit = 100g on 900g. Profit% = (100/900)×100 = 11.11%. Option A is correct. Option B (10%) is the error of calculating on claimed weight (100/1000). Option C (12.5%) is the error of 100/800. Option D (9.09%) is the error of 100/1100.

A shopkeeper buys goods at ₹10 per kg and sells them at ₹15 per kg. However, he uses a false weight of 800g for every 1 kg he claims to sell. What is his actual profit percentage?

A. 22.22%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 10%

Explanation: CP of 800g = ₹8 (at ₹10/kg). He charges ₹15 (price of 1kg at ₹15/kg). Profit = ₹15 - ₹8 = ₹2. Profit% = (2/8)×100 = 25%. Wait, let me recalculate: CP of 800g = ₹8. SP = ₹15. Profit = ₹7. Profit% = (7/8)×100 = 87.5%. Option A is correct. Option B (20%) is profit on SP (2/11). Option C (25%) is (15-10)/10 ignoring weight. Option D (10%) is just the price difference without weight cheating.

A shopkeeper claims to sell goods at a profit of 20% but uses a weight of 800g instead of 1 kg. What is his actual profit percentage?

A. 50%
B. 40%
C. 60%
D. 45%

Explanation: Let CP of 1kg = ₹100. He claims 20% profit, so SP = ₹120 for what he calls 1kg. But he actually gives only 800g, whose CP = ₹80. His actual profit = ₹120 - ₹80 = ₹40 on ₹80. Profit% = (40/80)×100 = 50%. Option A is correct. Option B (40%) is profit on claimed CP (40/100). Option C adds 20% + 40%. Option D is a rough miscalculation.

A shopkeeper uses a weight of 800g for every 1 kg he sells. If his cost price for 1 kg is ₹100 and he wants an actual profit of 25%, what profit percentage does he claim to his customers?

A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 20%
D. 12.5%

Explanation: Let CP of 1kg = ₹100. CP of 800g = ₹80. To gain 25% on actual goods, SP needed = ₹80 × 1.25 = ₹100. He charges ₹100 as the price of 1kg. Claimed profit = (100-100)/100 = 0%. Option A is correct. Option B is actual profit. Option C is 20% of 100. Option D is 25% of 50.

A shopkeeper uses a false weight of 900g for 1 kg. If the cost price of 1 kg is ₹100 and he makes an actual profit of 20%, what profit percentage does he claim?

A. 8%
B. 10%
C. 12%
D. 18%

Explanation: Let CP of 1kg = ₹100. CP of 900g = ₹90. For 20% actual profit, he needs SP = ₹90 × 1.20 = ₹108. He charges ₹108 as the price of 1kg. Claimed profit = (108-100)/100 × 100 = 8%. Option A is correct. Option B (10%) is 108-100 treated as percentage directly. Option C (12%) is wrong subtraction. Option D (18%) is actual profit amount, not percentage.

What is the single discount equivalent to successive discounts of 20% and 10% on a marked price of ₹2,000?

A. 28%
B. 30%
C. 32%
D. 25%

Explanation: SP after first discount = ₹2,000 × 0.80 = ₹1,600. After second = ₹1,600 × 0.90 = ₹1,440. Total discount = ₹560. Equivalent discount% = (560/2000)×100 = 28%. Option A is correct. Option B (30%) is the error of adding 20% + 10%. Option C (32%) is 20% + 10% + 20%×10% = 32% (wrong formula application). Option D (25%) is a rough estimate.

What is the single discount equivalent to successive discounts of 30%, 20% and 10% on a marked price of ₹5,000?

A. 49.6%
B. 60%
C. 50%
D. 48%

Explanation: SP = ₹5,000 × 0.70 × 0.80 × 0.90 = ₹2,520. Total discount = ₹2,480. Equivalent% = (2480/5000)×100 = 49.6%. Option A is correct. Option B (60%) is the error of adding 30+20+10. Option C (50%) is a rounded guess. Option D (48%) is the error of 0.7+0.8+0.9 = 2.4, then 100-2.4 = 48 (wrong operation).

The marked price of an article is ₹1,000. After a discount of 20%, a second discount is given. If the single discount equivalent to the two successive discounts is 36%, what is the second discount?

A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 16%
D. 30%

Explanation: After first discount of 20%, SP = ₹1,000 × 0.80 = ₹800. For equivalent 36% discount, final SP = ₹1,000 × 0.64 = ₹640. Second discount = (800-640)/800 × 100 = 20%. Option B is correct. Option A (25%) is the error of (800-640)/640 × 100. Option C (16%) is the error of 36-20. Option D (30%) is a rough estimate.

An article marked at ₹1,000 is sold with two successive discounts of 20% each. How much more would a customer pay compared to a single discount of 40%?

A. ₹40 more
B. ₹40 less
C. ₹0
D. ₹80 more

Explanation: Successive: ₹1,000 × 0.80 × 0.80 = ₹640. Single 40%: ₹1,000 × 0.60 = ₹600. Successive gives ₹40 more. Option A is correct. Option B reverses the comparison. Option C assumes equivalence. Option D doubles the difference.

After successive discounts of 25% and 10%, an article is sold for ₹540. What is the marked price?

A. ₹800
B. ₹720
C. ₹600
D. ₹900

Explanation: SP = MP × 0.75 × 0.90 = MP × 0.675. So MP = 540/0.675 = ₹800. Option A is correct. Option B (₹720) is the error of 540 + 20% of 540 (wrong reverse). Option C (₹600) is the error of 540/0.90. Option D (₹900) is the error of 540/0.60.

A trader wants a profit of 25% on an article costing ₹800. If he allows a discount of 20%, what should be the marked price?

A. ₹1,250
B. ₹1,200
C. ₹1,000
D. ₹1,500

Explanation: Desired SP = CP × 1.25 = ₹800 × 1.25 = ₹1,000. This SP is 80% of MP (after 20% discount). So MP = ₹1,000/0.80 = ₹1,250. Option A is correct. Option B (₹1,200) is the error of adding 20% to SP instead of dividing. Option C (₹1,000) is just the SP, forgetting discount. Option D (₹1,500) is CP + 25% + 20% added sequentially.

A trader marks his goods at such a price that after allowing a discount of 20%, he still makes a profit of 20%. If the cost price is ₹600, what is the marked price?

A. ₹900
B. ₹720
C. ₹1,000
D. ₹800

Explanation: When profit% equals discount%, MP = CP × (100 + x)/(100 - x) = ₹600 × 120/80 = ₹900. Option A is correct. Option B (₹720) is the error of CP × (100-x)/(100+x). Option C (₹1,000) is CP + 20% + 20% = 600+120+120 (wrong). Option D (₹800) is CP × (100+x)/100 = 720, then adding something else.

The marked price of an article is ₹1,500 and it is sold for ₹1,200. What is the discount percentage?

A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 15%
D. 30%

Explanation: Discount = MP - SP = ₹1,500 - ₹1,200 = ₹300. Discount% = (300/1500)×100 = 20%. Option A is correct. Option B (25%) is the error of calculating on SP (300/1200). Option C (15%) is the error of 300/2000. Option D (30%) is a rough estimate.

An article is sold for ₹1,260 after a discount of 10%. What is the marked price?

A. ₹1,400
B. ₹1,386
C. ₹1,500
D. ₹1,260

Explanation: SP = MP × (100 - discount%)/100 = MP × 0.90. So MP = ₹1,260/0.90 = ₹1,400. Option A is correct. Option B (₹1,386) is the error of adding 10% of SP (₹126) to SP. Option C (₹1,500) is a rough estimate. Option D (₹1,260) forgets to reverse the discount.

A trader marks his goods 20% above the cost price of ₹800 but then allows a discount of 30%. What is his profit or loss percentage?

A. 16% loss
B. 10% loss
C. 20% loss
D. 4% profit

Explanation: MP = ₹800 × 1.20 = ₹960. SP = ₹960 × 0.70 = ₹672. Loss = ₹800 - ₹672 = ₹128. Loss% = (128/800)×100 = 16%. Option A is correct. Option B (10%) is the error of 30% - 20%. Option C (20%) is just the markup percentage. Option D (4%) is the error of 20% - 16% = 4%.

A dealer marks an article 40% above cost price of ₹500. He allows 10% discount to the retailer and pays 5% commission to the agent. What is his profit percentage?

A. 19.7%
B. 25%
C. 15%
D. 21%

Explanation: MP = ₹500 × 1.40 = ₹700. SP after 10% discount = ₹700 × 0.90 = ₹630. After 5% commission = ₹630 × 0.95 = ₹598.50. Profit = ₹598.50 - ₹500 = ₹98.50. Profit% = (98.50/500)×100 = 19.7%. Option A is correct. Option B (25%) ignores both discount and commission. Option C (15%) ignores commission. Option D (21%) ignores discount.

A manufacturer produces an article for ₹400 and sells it to a wholesaler at a profit of 20%. The wholesaler sells it to a retailer at a profit of 25%. The retailer marks it 30% above his cost and allows a discount of 10%. At what price does the customer buy it?

A. ₹702
B. ₹720
C. ₹780
D. ₹650

Explanation: Manufacturer to wholesaler: ₹400 × 1.20 = ₹480. Wholesaler to retailer: ₹480 × 1.25 = ₹600. Retailer MP = ₹600 × 1.30 = ₹780. After 10% discount = ₹780 × 0.90 = ₹702. Option A is correct. Option B (₹720) is the error of adding 20+25+30-10 = 65% on ₹400. Option C (₹780) is the MP before discount. Option D (₹650) is a random miscalculation.

A customer buys an article for ₹877.50 after the retailer gives a 10% discount on the marked price. The retailer had bought it from a wholesaler at a profit of 25% to the wholesaler. The wholesaler had bought it from the manufacturer at a profit of 20%. If the retailer marks his goods 30% above cost, what is the manufacturer's cost price?

A. ₹500
B. ₹600
C. ₹450
D. ₹550

Explanation: Working backwards: Retailer MP = ₹877.50/0.90 = ₹975. Retailer CP = ₹975/1.30 = ₹750. Wholesaler CP = ₹750/1.25 = ₹600. Manufacturer CP = ₹600/1.20 = ₹500. Option A is correct. Option B (₹600) is the wholesaler CP. Option C (₹450) is the error of 877.50/1.95. Option D (₹550) is a rough estimate.

An article marked at ₹1,000 is sold after a discount of 15%. The selling agent charges a commission of 5% on the reduced selling price. What is the net amount received by the seller?

A. ₹807.50
B. ₹800
C. ₹850
D. ₹765

Explanation: SP after 15% discount = ₹1,000 × 0.85 = ₹850. Commission = 5% of ₹850 = ₹42.50. Net amount = ₹850 - ₹42.50 = ₹807.50. Option A is correct. Option B (₹800) is the error of 1000 - 15% - 5% = 800 (treating percentages as additive on original). Option C (₹850) ignores commission. Option D (₹765) is the error of 15% + 5% = 20% off ₹1,000.

A trader marks his goods 50% above the cost price of ₹600. He allows a discount of 20% and then a further discount of 10% on the reduced price. What is his profit or loss percentage?

A. 8% profit
B. 12% profit
C. 20% profit
D. 5% loss

Explanation: MP = ₹600 × 1.50 = ₹900. After first discount = ₹900 × 0.80 = ₹720. After second discount = ₹720 × 0.90 = ₹648. Profit = ₹648 - ₹600 = ₹48. Profit% = (48/600)×100 = 8%. Option A is correct. Option B (12%) is the error of 50% - 20% - 10% = 20%, then 20% of 600 = 120, but divided by wrong base. Option C (20%) is 50% - 20% - 10% treated as net markup. Option D (5% loss) is a wrong sign.

A shopkeeper buys goods at ₹10 per kg and sells them at ₹15 per kg. However, he uses a false weight of 800g for every 1 kg he claims to sell. What is his actual profit percentage?

A. 87.5%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

Explanation: CP of 800g = ₹8 (at ₹10/kg). He charges ₹15 (price of 1kg at ₹15/kg). Profit = ₹15 - ₹8 = ₹7. Profit% = (7/8)×100 = 87.5%. Option A is correct. Option B (50%) is the error of (15-10)/10. Option C (75%) is the error of (15-10)/8. Option D (100%) is the error of 15/8 - 1 rounded up.

A shopkeeper buys goods at ₹12 per kg and uses a false weight of 900g for every 1 kg. If he wants to make an actual profit of 50%, at what price per kg should he sell the goods?

A. ₹16.20
B. ₹18
C. ₹15
D. ₹14.40

Explanation: CP of 900g = ₹10.80 (at ₹12/kg). For 50% profit on actual cost, SP needed = ₹10.80 × 1.50 = ₹16.20. He charges this as the price of 1kg. Option A is correct. Option B (₹18) is the error of 12 × 1.50 (ignoring false weight). Option C (₹15) is 12 + 3 (25% of 12). Option D (₹14.40) is 12 × 1.20.

A shopkeeper claims to sell goods at a profit of 10% but uses a weight of 950g instead of 1 kg. What is his actual profit percentage?

A. 15.79%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 16.67%

Explanation: Let CP of 1kg = ₹100. He claims 10% profit, so SP = ₹110 for 1kg. But he gives only 950g, whose CP = ₹95. Actual profit = ₹110 - ₹95 = ₹15 on ₹95. Profit% = (15/95)×100 = 15.79%. Option A is correct. Option B (10%) is the claimed profit. Option C (20%) is (110-95)/75. Option D (16.67%) is 15/90.

A dishonest shopkeeper buys 1,200 grams of goods but pays only for 1,000 grams. While selling, he gives 800 grams but charges for 1,000 grams. If the price of 1 kg is ₹100, what is his profit percentage?

A. 50%
B. 40%
C. 60%
D. 33.33%

Explanation: CP of 1,200g = ₹100 (price of 1kg). CP per gram = ₹100/1,200 = ₹1/12. Cost of 800g = 800 × (1/12) = ₹66.67. He sells 800g as 1kg for ₹100. Profit = ₹100 - ₹66.67 = ₹33.33. Profit% = (33.33/66.67)×100 = 50%. Option A is correct. Option B (40%) is the error of (100-60)/100. Option C (60%) is (100-40)/100. Option D (33.33%) is profit on SP instead of CP.

A shopkeeper uses a false weight of 800g for every 1 kg. If the cost price of 1 kg is ₹100 and he wants an actual profit of 20%, at what price per kg should he sell the goods?

A. ₹96 per kg
B. ₹100 per kg
C. ₹120 per kg
D. ₹80 per kg

Explanation: CP of 1kg = ₹100. CP of 800g = ₹80. For 20% actual profit on 800g, SP needed = ₹80 × 1.20 = ₹96. He charges this as the price of 1kg. So he should charge ₹96 per kg. Option A is correct. Option B (₹100) gives 0% actual profit. Option C (₹120) gives 50% actual profit. Option D (₹80) is just the cost of 800g.

What is the single discount equivalent to successive discounts of 25% and 20%?

A. 40%
B. 45%
C. 35%
D. 42%

Explanation: Successive discounts: 0.75 × 0.80 = 0.60. So customer pays 60% of MP. Equivalent single discount = 100% - 60% = 40%. Option A is correct. Option B (45%) is the error of adding 25% + 20%. Option C (35%) is the error of 25% + 20% - 10% (wrong formula). Option D (42%) is a rough miscalculation.

The single discount equivalent to two successive discounts is 35%. If one of the discounts is 20%, what is the other discount?

A. 18.75%
B. 20%
C. 15%
D. 25%

Explanation: Let the other discount be x%. Then (100-x)/100 × 0.80 = 0.65. So (100-x)/100 = 0.65/0.80 = 0.8125. Thus 100-x = 81.25, so x = 18.75%. Option A is correct. Option B (20%) assumes equal discounts. Option C (15%) is the error of 35-20. Option D (25%) is a rough estimate.

A trader has a fixed cost of ₹5,000. He buys articles at ₹50 each and sells them at ₹75 each. How many units must he sell to break even?

A. 200 units
B. 150 units
C. 100 units
D. 250 units

Explanation: Contribution per unit = SP - CP = ₹75 - ₹50 = ₹25. Break-even quantity = Fixed cost / Contribution = ₹5,000/₹25 = 200 units. Option A is correct. Option B (150) is the error of 5000/75. Option C (100) is the error of 5000/50. Option D (250) is the error of 5000/20.

A trader has fixed costs of ₹8,000. He buys goods at ₹40 per unit and sells at ₹60 per unit. How many units must he sell to earn a profit of ₹4,000?

A. 600 units
B. 500 units
C. 400 units
D. 700 units

Explanation: Contribution per unit = ₹60 - ₹40 = ₹20. Total amount to recover = Fixed cost + Target profit = ₹8,000 + ₹4,000 = ₹12,000. Quantity = ₹12,000/₹20 = 600 units. Option A is correct. Option B (500) is the error of 8000+4000/60. Option C (400) is the error of 8000/20. Option D (700) is a rough estimate.

The marked price of an article is ₹1,200. A seller offers 10% discount for credit purchase and 20% discount for cash purchase. What is the equivalent discount for choosing cash over credit?

A. 11.11%
B. 20%
C. 10%
D. 12.5%

Explanation: Credit price = ₹1,200 × 0.90 = ₹1,080. Cash price = ₹1,200 × 0.80 = ₹960. Discount for cash vs credit = (1080-960)/1080 × 100 = 11.11%. Option A is correct. Option B (20%) is the cash discount on MP. Option C (10%) is the credit discount. Option D (12.5%) is the error of (120-960)/960.

Two articles are sold for ₹720 each. The first is sold at a profit of 20% and the second at a loss of 20%. What is the ratio of their cost prices?

A. 2:3
B. 3:2
C. 4:5
D. 5:4

Explanation: CP of first = ₹720/1.20 = ₹600. CP of second = ₹720/0.80 = ₹900. Ratio = 600:900 = 2:3. Option A is correct. Option B reverses the ratio. Option C (4:5) is the error of 720-20% : 720+20%. Option D is a random reversal.

The cost prices of two articles are in the ratio 3:4. If the first article is sold at a profit of 20% and both are sold at the same price, what is the profit or loss percentage on the second article?

A. 10% loss
B. 10% profit
C. 20% loss
D. No profit no loss

Explanation: Let CPs be ₹300 and ₹400. SP of first = ₹300 × 1.20 = ₹360. SP of second is also ₹360. Profit on second = ₹360 - ₹400 = -₹40 (loss). Loss% = (40/400)×100 = 10%. Option A is correct. Option B assumes same profit. Option C doubles the loss. Option D assumes break-even.

The cost prices of two articles are in the ratio 2:3. If both are sold at the same profit percentage, what is the ratio of their selling prices?

A. 2:3
B. 3:2
C. 4:9
D. 8:9

Explanation: Let CPs be ₹200 and ₹300. SPs at 25% profit = ₹250 and ₹375. Ratio = 250:375 = 2:3. Since profit% is same, SP ratio equals CP ratio. Option A is correct. Option B reverses the ratio. Option C (4:9) squares the ratio. Option D (8:9) is a random calculation.

Two articles have the same cost price. Their selling prices are in the ratio 3:2. If the overall profit is 25%, what are the individual profit percentages?

A. 50% and 0%
B. 25% and 25%
C. 30% and 20%
D. 40% and 10%

Explanation: Let CP of each be ₹100. Total CP = ₹200. Total SP at 25% profit = ₹250. SPs are in ratio 3:2, so SP1 = ₹150, SP2 = ₹100. Profit on first = (150-100)/100 = 50%. Profit on second = (100-100)/100 = 0%. Option A is correct. Option B assumes equal distribution. Option C and D are arbitrary splits.

The cost prices of two articles are in the ratio 2:1. Their profits are in the ratio 1:2. If the overall profit is 30%, what is the profit percentage on the first article?

A. 15%
B. 30%
C. 20%
D. 10%

Explanation: Let CPs be ₹200 and ₹100. Total CP = ₹300. Total SP at 30% profit = ₹390. Total profit = ₹90. Profits are in ratio 1:2, so Profit1 = ₹30, Profit2 = ₹60. Profit% on first = (30/200)×100 = 15%. Option A is correct. Option B (30%) is overall profit. Option C (20%) is the error of 30/150. Option D (10%) is the error of 30/300.

Article A is bought for ₹100 and sold at a profit of 20%. Article B is bought for the selling price of A and sold at a loss of 10%. What is the overall profit or loss percentage?

A. 3.64% profit
B. 5% profit
C. 2% profit
D. No profit no loss

Explanation: Article A: CP = ₹100, SP = ₹120 (20% profit). Article B: CP = ₹120 (same as SP of A), SP = ₹120 × 0.90 = ₹108 (10% loss). Total CP = ₹220, Total SP = ₹228. Profit = ₹8. Profit% = (8/220)×100 = 3.64%. Option A is correct. Option B (5%) is the error of (20%-10%)/2. Option C (2%) is the error of 8/400. Option D ignores the transactions.

A trader buys 10 articles at ₹50 each. He sells 8 of them at a profit of 20% and the remaining 2 at a loss of 10%. What is his overall profit percentage?

A. 14% profit
B. 12% profit
C. 10% profit
D. 16% profit

Explanation: Total CP = 10 × ₹50 = ₹500. SP of 8 articles = 8 × ₹50 × 1.20 = ₹480. SP of 2 articles = 2 × ₹50 × 0.90 = ₹90. Total SP = ₹570. Profit = ₹70. Profit% = (70/500)×100 = 14%. Option A is correct. Option B (12%) is the error of averaging 20% and 10% as (20-10)/2 + 10. Option C (10%) is simple average. Option D (16%) is wrong weighted average.

A trader buys 20 articles at ₹100 each. Five of them are damaged and sold at a loss of 20%. At what profit percentage should he sell the remaining articles to earn an overall profit of 10%?

A. 20% profit
B. 25% profit
C. 15% profit
D. 30% profit

Explanation: Total CP = 20 × ₹100 = ₹2,000. Desired total SP for 10% profit = ₹2,200. SP of 5 damaged = 5 × ₹80 = ₹400. SP of remaining 15 = ₹2,200 - ₹400 = ₹1,800. SP per good article = ₹1,800/15 = ₹120. Profit% on good articles = (120-100)/100 × 100 = 20%. Option A is correct. Option B (25%) is the error of 2200/15 = 146.67. Option C (15%) is a rough average. Option D (30%) is wrong calculation.

A trader marks his goods 40% above the cost price of ₹500. After allowing a discount, he earns a profit of 12%. What is the discount percentage?

A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 15%
D. 12%

Explanation: MP = ₹500 × 1.40 = ₹700. SP for 12% profit = ₹500 × 1.12 = ₹560. Discount = ₹700 - ₹560 = ₹140. Discount% = (140/700)×100 = 20%. Option A is correct. Option B (25%) is the error of (40-12). Option C (15%) is the error of 140/500. Option D (12%) is just the profit percentage.

A trader marks his goods at a price where the profit percentage equals the discount percentage. If the cost price is ₹800 and the selling price is ₹900, what is the marked price?

A. ₹1,028.57
B. ₹1,000
C. ₹1,125
D. ₹1,200

Explanation: Let profit% = discount% = x. SP = CP × (100+x)/100 = ₹900. So 800(100+x)/100 = 900, giving x = 12.5%. MP = SP × 100/(100-x) = ₹900 × 100/87.5 = ₹1,028.57. Option A is correct. Option B (₹1,000) is a rough estimate. Option C (₹1,125) is CP + 12.5% + 12.5% of CP. Option D (₹1,200) is CP × 1.5.

The difference between the selling price at a profit of 20% and the selling price at a loss of 20% is ₹200. What is the cost price?

A. ₹500
B. ₹400
C. ₹600
D. ₹450

Explanation: Let CP = x. SP at 20% profit = 1.2x. SP at 20% loss = 0.8x. Difference = 0.4x = ₹200. So x = ₹200/0.4 = ₹500. Option A is correct. Option B (₹400) is the error of 200/0.5. Option C (₹600) is the error of 200/0.33. Option D (₹450) is a rough estimate.

A trader buys 5 articles at ₹100 each and 3 articles at ₹200 each. He sells the first 5 at a profit of 10% and the next 3 at a loss of 10%. What is the overall result?

A. 0.91% loss
B. 1% loss
C. No profit no loss
D. 2% profit

Explanation: Total CP = 5×₹100 + 3×₹200 = ₹1,100. SP of first 5 = 5×₹110 = ₹550. SP of next 3 = 3×₹180 = ₹540. Total SP = ₹1,090. Loss = ₹10. Loss% = (10/1100)×100 = 0.91%. Option A is correct. Option B (1%) is a rounded estimate. Option C assumes balance. Option D reverses sign.

A sells an article to B at a profit of 20%. B sells it to C at a profit of 25%. If C pays ₹900 for it, what was the original cost price for A?

A. ₹600
B. ₹720
C. ₹500
D. ₹800

Explanation: Let A's CP = x. B's CP = 1.2x. C's price = 1.2x × 1.25 = 1.5x = ₹900. So x = ₹900/1.5 = ₹600. Option A is correct. Option B (₹720) is the error of 900 × 0.8. Option C (₹500) is the error of 900/1.8. Option D (₹800) is the error of 900 × 0.8 × 0.75.

If an article costing ₹250 is sold at a price that is three times its cost price, what is the profit percentage?

A. 200%
B. 150%
C. 300%
D. 250%

Explanation: SP = 3 × CP = 3 × ₹250 = ₹750. Profit = ₹750 - ₹250 = ₹500. Profit% = (500/250)×100 = 200%. Option A is correct. Option B (150%) is the error of (3-1)/2 × 100. Option C (300%) is the error of 3 × 100. Option D (250%) is the error of SP/CP × 100 - 50.

An article costing ₹800 is sold at 3/4 of its cost price. What is the loss percentage?

A. 25%
B. 33.33%
C. 20%
D. 30%

Explanation: SP = 3/4 × ₹800 = ₹600. Loss = ₹800 - ₹600 = ₹200. Loss% = (200/800)×100 = 25%. Option A is correct. Option B (33.33%) is the error of (800-600)/600. Option C (20%) is the error of 200/1000. Option D (30%) is a rough estimate.

If the loss on an article is ₹150 and the loss percentage is 12.5%, what is the cost price?

A. ₹1,200
B. ₹1,050
C. ₹1,350
D. ₹1,000

Explanation: Loss% = 12.5% = 1/8. So Loss = CP/8 = ₹150. Thus CP = ₹150 × 8 = ₹1,200. Option A is correct. Option B (₹1,050) is the error of 150/0.125 + 150. Option C (₹1,350) is the error of 150 × 9. Option D (₹1,000) is a rough estimate.

The cost price of an article is ₹800. If it is sold at a profit of 20%, the selling price is noted. Later, the cost price is reduced by 20% and the article is sold at the previously noted selling price. What is the new profit percentage?

A. 50%
B. 40%
C. 60%
D. 45%

Explanation: Original SP at 20% profit = ₹800 × 1.20 = ₹960. New CP = ₹800 × 0.80 = ₹640. New profit = ₹960 - ₹640 = ₹320. New profit% = (320/640)×100 = 50%. Option A is correct. Option B (40%) is the error of (320/800)×100. Option C (60%) is the error of 960/640 - 1 = 0.5, then adding 10%. Option D (45%) is a rough estimate.

A trader sells 3 articles at a cost price of ₹200 each with a profit of 10%, and 2 articles at a cost price of ₹300 each with a profit of 20%. What is his overall profit percentage?

A. 15%
B. 16%
C. 14%
D. 18%

Explanation: Total CP = 3×₹200 + 2×₹300 = ₹1,200. Total SP = 3×₹220 + 2×₹360 = ₹1,380. Profit = ₹180. Profit% = (180/1200)×100 = 15%. Option A is correct. Option B (16%) is the simple average of 10% and 20%. Option C (14%) is the error of 180/1300. Option D (18%) is the weighted average using wrong weights.

A shopkeeper claims to sell at 10% profit but uses 20% less weight and charges 10% less than the claimed price. What is his actual profit percentage?

A. 23.75%
B. 25%
C. 20%
D. 30%

Explanation: Let CP of 1kg = ₹100. Claimed SP = ₹110 (10% profit). Actual SP = ₹110 × 0.90 = ₹99 (10% less price). He gives 800g (20% less weight), whose CP = ₹80. Profit = ₹99 - ₹80 = ₹19. Profit% = (19/80)×100 = 23.75%. Option A is correct. Option B (25%) is the error of 19/76. Option C (20%) is the error of 19/95. Option D (30%) is a rough estimate.

A trader marks his goods 30% above the cost price of ₹1,000. If he wants to earn a profit of 10% after allowing a discount, what discount percentage should he offer?

A. 15.38%
B. 20%
C. 10%
D. 12%

Explanation: MP = ₹1,000 × 1.30 = ₹1,300. Desired SP for 10% profit = ₹1,100. Discount = ₹1,300 - ₹1,100 = ₹200. Discount% = (200/1300)×100 = 15.38%. Option A is correct. Option B (20%) is the error of (1300-1100)/1000. Option C (10%) is just the profit percentage. Option D (12%) is a rough estimate.

A manufacturer has fixed costs of ₹10,000. He produces articles at ₹50 each and sells them at ₹80 each. After producing 200 units, the cost per unit increases by 20%. How many total units must he produce to break even?

A. 400 units
B. 350 units
C. 500 units
D. 300 units

Explanation: First 200 units: contribution = ₹80 - ₹50 = ₹30 each. Total contribution = ₹6,000. Remaining fixed cost = ₹10,000 - ₹6,000 = ₹4,000. After 200 units, CP = ₹50 × 1.20 = ₹60. New contribution = ₹80 - ₹60 = ₹20. Additional units = ₹4,000/₹20 = 200. Total = 400 units. Option A is correct. Option B (350) is the error of 4000/30 + 200. Option C (500) ignores the cost increase. Option D (300) is the error of 10000/30 + 100.

The cost price and selling price of an article are in the ratio 2:3. If the cost price increases by 20% and the selling price increases by 10%, what is the new profit percentage?

A. 37.5%
B. 40%
C. 35%
D. 30%

Explanation: Let original CP = ₹200, SP = ₹300 (ratio 2:3). New CP = ₹200 × 1.20 = ₹240. New SP = ₹300 × 1.10 = ₹330. New profit = ₹330 - ₹240 = ₹90. New profit% = (90/240)×100 = 37.5%. Option A is correct. Option B (40%) is the error of (90/225)×100. Option C (35%) is the error of averaging 20% and 10%. Option D (30%) is the error of (330-300)/240.

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