Which Article empowers Parliament to enact laws to give effect to Fundamental Rights?
- Article 33
- Article 34
- Article 32
- Article 35
Explanation: Article 35 ensures that power to make laws to give effect to certain FRs lies with Parliament and not State Legislatures.
Freedom of 'Press' in India is implied in which Article?
- Article 14
- Article 21
- Article 19(1)(a)
- Article 361
Explanation: Freedom of the press is a part of 'Freedom of Speech and Expression'.
Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Ex post facto laws, Double Jeopardy) is under:
- Article 21
- Article 22
- Article 23
- Article 20
Explanation: Article 20 provides protection against arbitrary and excessive punishment to an accused person.
Which Article protects a person's 'Right to be informed of the grounds of arrest'?
- Article 22
- Article 20
- Article 23
- Article 21
Explanation: Article 22(1) provides this procedural safeguard.
Which writ literally means 'to have the body'?
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Quo-Warranto
- Certiorari
Explanation: Habeas Corpus is issued to produce a person who has been illegally detained.
Which Article declares that laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights are void?
- Article 13
- Article 32
- Article 12
- Article 226
Explanation: Article 13 provides for judicial review and ensures that any law violating Part III is declared null and void.
Which writ is used to challenge the legality of a person's claim to a public office?
- Prohibition
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Quo-Warranto
Explanation: Quo-Warranto means 'by what authority' and prevents illegal usurpation of public office.
Which Article of the Constitution abolishes 'Untouchability'?
- Article 18
- Article 17
- Article 16
- Article 15
Explanation: Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
Protection of interests of minorities regarding language, script, and culture is under:
- Article 25
- Article 15
- Article 29
- Article 30
Explanation: Article 29 protects the distinct language, script, or culture of any section of citizens.
Which Article was interpreted in the Maneka Gandhi case to include the 'Right to Travel Abroad'?
- Article 25
- Article 14
- Article 19
- Article 21
Explanation: The Maneka Gandhi case (1978) gave a wide interpretation to Article 21, including the right to travel abroad.
How many freedoms are guaranteed under Article 19 at present?
Explanation: Originally seven, but the Right to Property was removed. The six are: Speech, Assembly, Association, Movement, Residence, and Profession.
Which Article was added by the 86th Amendment Act (2002) to provide Right to Education?
- Article 45
- Article 51A
- Article 22
- Article 21A
Explanation: Article 21A makes free and compulsory education for children aged 6â14 a Fundamental Right.
The Right to Property was removed from Fundamental Rights by which Amendment?
- 44th Amendment
- 42nd Amendment
- 24th Amendment
- 86th Amendment
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act (1978) removed Article 31 and made it a legal right under Article 300A.
Which Fundamental Right was described by the Supreme Court as the 'Beacon of the Constitution'?
- Article 21
- Article 32
- Article 14
- Article 19
Explanation: Article 21 is seen as the reservoir of many other implied rights.
Article 27 provides freedom as to:
- Payment of taxes for promotion of any religion
- Religious instruction
- Propagating religion
- Managing affairs
Explanation: Article 27 states that no person shall be compelled to pay any taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion.
The 'Right to Life and Personal Liberty' is guaranteed by:
- Article 21
- Article 19
- Article 20
- Article 22
Explanation: Article 21 states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases is provided by:
- Article 22
- Article 20
- Article 21
- Article 23
Explanation: Article 22 grants rights to persons who are arrested, including being informed of the grounds of arrest and produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.
The 'Rule of Law' is embodied in which Article?
- Article 19
- Article 14
- Article 32
- Article 21
Explanation: Article 14 guarantees Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws.
The 'Right against Self-Incrimination' is provided in:
- Article 20(2)
- Article 20(1)
- Article 21
- Article 20(3)
Explanation: Article 20(3) states that no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
The right to form 'Cooperative Societies' was added to Article 19 by:
- 42nd Amendment
- 101st Amendment
- 97th Amendment
- 44th Amendment
Explanation: The 97th Amendment (2011) gave constitutional status to cooperative societies.
In which case did the Supreme Court hold that Fundamental Rights cannot be amended?
- Golaknath case
- Minerva Mills case
- Kesavananda Bharati case
- Maneka Gandhi case
Explanation: In 1967 (Golaknath Case), the SC held that Parliament has no power to take away or abridge any of the Fundamental Rights.
The 'Doctrine of Severability' is related to which Article?
- Article 15
- Article 14
- Article 12
- Article 13
Explanation: If only a part of the law is unconstitutional, only that part is declared void, not the whole law.
Article 30 deals with the right of minorities to:
- Practice religion
- Vote
- Preserve language
- Establish and administer educational institutions
Explanation: Article 30 grants all minorities (religious or linguistic) the right to establish educational institutions of their choice.
The provision for 'Compulsory Acquisition of Property' (Art 31) was repealed in:
Explanation: It was repealed by the 44th Amendment in 1978.
Under Article 25, the 'Sikhs' are permitted to carry 'Kirpans'. This comes under:
- Right to Profession
- Practice of Religion
- Right to Assembly
- Personal Liberty
Explanation: The wearing and carrying of kirpans is deemed to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion.
Article 29 is applicable to:
- Only SC/ST
- Religious minorities only
- Linguistic minorities only
- Both religious and linguistic minorities
Explanation: Article 29 protects 'any section of citizens' which includes both types of minorities.
The writ of 'Quo-Warranto' can be sought by:
- Only the aggrieved person
- The President
- Any interested person
- The Governor
Explanation: Unlike other writs, Quo-Warranto can be filed by any interested person, not necessarily an aggrieved person.
The 'Basic Structure Doctrine' was propounded in which landmark case?
- Minerva Mills case
- Golaknath case
- Kesavananda Bharati case
- S.R. Bommai case
Explanation: In 1973, the SC held that Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution, including FRs, but cannot change its 'Basic Structure'.
The 'Creamy Layer' concept is associated with:
- Reservation for OBCs
- EWS reservation
- Women's reservation
- Reservation for SC/ST
Explanation: It was introduced following the Indra Sawhney Case (1992) to exclude well-to-do people of OBCs from reservation.
Which writ is issued to quash the order of a lower court?
- Prohibition
- Mandamus
- Certiorari
- Quo-Warranto
Explanation: Certiorari is issued to a lower court to transfer a matter to the higher court or to quash its order.
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion is under:
- Article 28
- Article 26
- Article 25
- Article 27
Explanation: Article 25 covers the individual right to freedom of religion.
Prohibition of 'Traffic in human beings and forced labour' is under:
- Article 24
- Article 25
- Article 23
- Article 26
Explanation: Article 23 prohibits 'begar' and other similar forms of forced labour.
Which Article empowers Parliament to restrict Fundamental Rights for members of Armed Forces?
- Article 35
- Article 13
- Article 34
- Article 33
Explanation: Article 33 allows Parliament to modify the application of rights to armed forces, police, etc., to ensure discharge of duty.
Which Article defines 'State' for the purposes of Fundamental Rights?
- Article 12
- Article 14
- Article 15
- Article 13
Explanation: Article 12 defines 'State' to include the Government and Parliament of India, State Governments, and local/other authorities.
Which Article was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the 'Heart and Soul' of the Constitution?
- Article 14
- Article 21
- Article 32
- Article 19
Explanation: Article 32 provides the Right to Constitutional Remedies, allowing citizens to move the SC for the enforcement of rights.
The 'Right to Privacy' is a Fundamental Right under which Article?
- Article 19
- Article 14
- Article 25
- Article 21
Explanation: In the Puttaswamy case (2017), the SC declared Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right under Article 21.
Protection against 'Double Jeopardy' means:
- Right to have a lawyer
- Right to speedy trial
- No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence twice
- Protection against self-incrimination
Explanation: Double Jeopardy is protected under Article 20(2).
Which Article provides for 'Equality before Law'?
- Article 15
- Article 13
- Article 14
- Article 16
Explanation: Article 14 says the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law.
The Supreme Court issues writs under Article 32. Which Article allows High Courts to issue writs?
- Article 32
- Article 226
- Article 131
- Article 13
Explanation: High Courts have writ jurisdiction under Article 226 for Fundamental Rights and other purposes.
Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity in matters of:
- Public Employment
- Religion
- Trade
- Education
Explanation: Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
Which writ is issued to prevent a lower court from exceeding its jurisdiction?
- Mandamus
- Prohibition
- Quo-Warranto
- Certiorari
Explanation: Prohibition is issued during the pendency of proceedings to stop a court from acting outside its jurisdiction.
Which Amendment added 'EWS' (Economically Weaker Sections) reservation?
- 104th Amendment
- 102nd Amendment
- 101st Amendment
- 103rd Amendment
Explanation: The 103rd Amendment (2019) amended Articles 15 and 16 to provide 10% EWS reservation.
Which Fundamental Rights cannot be suspended even during a National Emergency?
- Articles 14 and 15
- Articles 19 and 20
- Articles 21 and 22
- Articles 20 and 21
Explanation: The 44th Amendment ensured that rights under Articles 20 and 21 remain enforceable even during an emergency.
Right to 'Clean Environment' is an implied Fundamental Right under:
- Article 14
- Article 21
- Article 48A
- Article 19
Explanation: Through various judgments, the SC has included the right to a healthy environment under Article 21.
The 'Suspension of Fundamental Rights' during Emergency is borrowed from:
- Germany (Weimar Constitution)
- South Africa
- USA
- Canada
Explanation: The provision for suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency is taken from Germany.
Which Fundamental Right is available ONLY to citizens of India and NOT to foreigners?
- Article 19
- Article 20
- Article 21
- Article 14
Explanation: Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, and 30 are available only to citizens.
The 'Golden Triangle' of the Constitution consists of which Articles?
- 20, 21, and 22
- 14, 15, and 16
- 14, 19, and 21
- 19, 21, and 32
Explanation: These three Articles are considered the most vital for protecting individual liberty and equality.
Abolition of 'Titles' (except military and academic) is provided under:
- Article 20
- Article 19
- Article 18
- Article 17
Explanation: Article 18 prohibits the State from conferring any title other than military or academic distinctions.
Which Part of the Indian Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights?
- Part V
- Part IV
- Part III
- Part II
Explanation: Part III (Articles 12 to 35) is often described as the 'Magna Carta' of India.
The writ 'Mandamus' means:
- To be certified
- By what authority
- You may have the body
- We command
Explanation: Mandamus is issued by a higher court to a lower court or public authority to perform an official duty.
The concept of 'Equal Protection of Laws' is derived from which Constitution?
- British
- American
- Australian
- French
Explanation: Equality before Law is British; Equal Protection of Laws is American.
The Fundamental Rights are meant for promoting the ideal of:
- Economic Democracy
- Totalitarianism
- Political Democracy
- Social Democracy
Explanation: Fundamental Rights protect individuals against state action and promote political democracy (DPSP promotes social/economic democracy).
Which Fundamental Right provides for the right to 'strike'?
- Article 19
- Article 21
- Article 23
- None
Explanation: There is no Fundamental Right to strike in India; it is a legal/statutory right.
What is the nature of Fundamental Rights?
- Absolute
- Non-justiciable
- Temporary
- Justiciable
Explanation: They are justiciable because a person can move the courts for their enforcement.
A person arrested must be produced before a Magistrate within:
- 12 hours
- 24 hours
- One week
- 48 hours
Explanation: Excluding the time necessary for the journey, this is a right under Article 22.
Fundamental Rights in India were inspired by which country's Constitution?
- Ireland
- USSR
- USA (Bill of Rights)
- United Kingdom
Explanation: The concept of Fundamental Rights was borrowed from the American Bill of Rights.
Which Article deals with the restriction of rights while Martial Law is in force?
- Article 35
- Article 34
- Article 32
- Article 33
Explanation: Article 34 provides for the restriction of Fundamental Rights while martial law is in force in any area.
Which Article prohibits the employment of children below 14 years in factories?
- Article 24
- Article 26
- Article 23
- Article 25
Explanation: Article 24 is a protection against the exploitation of children in hazardous employment.
Freedom to manage religious affairs (collective right) is guaranteed by:
- Article 25
- Article 26
- Article 27
- Article 28
Explanation: Article 26 gives every religious denomination the right to establish and maintain institutions for religious purposes.
Which Article prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?
- Article 16
- Article 17
- Article 14
- Article 15
Explanation: Article 15 ensures that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on these five specific grounds.