Consider the following statements regarding mineral royalties in Sixth Schedule areas:
1. The district council is entitled to a share of the royalties accruing from licenses granted for the extraction of minerals in its area.
2. The exact share of these royalties is directly determined and fixed by the Parliament through a uniform central statute.
3. The state government retains the right to withhold these royalties if the district council passes resolutions against state policies.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the share is agreed upon between the State and the District Council (disputes resolved by Governor). Statement 3 is incorrect because states cannot arbitrarily withhold constitutional royalties.
Consider the following statements regarding the applicability of Acts of Parliament in Sixth Schedule areas:
1. For Meghalaya, the President can direct that an Act of Parliament does not apply to an autonomous district or applies with exceptions.
2. For Tripura and Mizoram, the President holds the power to restrict or modify the application of an Act of Parliament.
3. For Assam, the Governor holds the power regarding the applicability of Acts of Parliament to autonomous districts.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The power to apply or modify Acts of Parliament belongs to the Governor in Assam, but for Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, this power vests with the President.
Consider the following statements regarding the recognition of Scheduled Tribes:
1. The Constitution comprehensively defines the criteria for identifying 'Scheduled Tribes' in Article 366.
2. The Governor of a state has the final legislative authority to add or remove any community from the state's list of Scheduled Tribes.
3. Once a community is specified as a Scheduled Tribe by the President, it is recognized as such uniformly across all states of India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Constitution does not define specific criteria. Statement 2 is incorrect because only Parliament can add/remove communities. Statement 3 is incorrect because ST status is state-specific.
Consider the following statements regarding the oversight of Autonomous District Councils (ADCs):
1. The President of India is empowered to appoint a Commission to report on the administration of autonomous districts.
2. The Governor may dissolve a District Council on the recommendation of a Commission appointed to inquire into its administration.
3. Upon dissolution, the Governor must immediately hold fresh elections within one month.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Governor appoints the commission. Statement 3 is incorrect because fresh elections are not required within one month.
Consider the following statements regarding the legislative powers of District Councils under the Sixth Schedule:
1. They have the power to make laws with respect to the allotment, occupation, or use of land for agricultural purposes.
2. Laws made by the District Councils regarding forest management come into effect immediately upon being passed by a two-thirds majority.
3. The District Council has the power to make laws with respect to inheritance, marriage, and divorce among the Scheduled Tribes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because all laws made by District Councils require the assent of the Governor to take effect.
Consider the following statements regarding the administrative structure of Sixth Schedule areas:
1. The Governor is empowered to divide an autonomous district into several autonomous regions if there are different tribes residing within it.
2. The Governor may, by public notification, alter the name of any autonomous district.
3. The Governor possesses the authority to unite two or more autonomous districts so as to form one autonomous district.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The Sixth Schedule endows the Governor with extensive powers to organize, reorganize, divide, unite, and rename the autonomous districts.
Consider the following statements comparing the Fifth and Sixth Schedules:
1. While the Fifth Schedule provides for TACs, the Sixth Schedule abolishes the need for any elected councils.
2. The Fifth Schedule applies to all states except AMTM, whereas the Sixth Schedule applies to Assam, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh.
3. The degree of administrative and legislative autonomy under the Sixth Schedule is greater than that provided under the Fifth Schedule.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect because Sixth Schedule uses ADCs. Statement 2 is incorrect because Sixth Schedule applies to AMTM.
Consider the following statements regarding the composition of District Councils under the Sixth Schedule:
1. A District Council shall generally consist of not more than thirty members, with up to four persons nominated by the Governor.
2. The elected members of the District Council shall hold office for a term of five years from the date of the first meeting.
3. A nominated member holds office during the pleasure of the Governor.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These structural provisions form the basis for ADCs, balancing elected representation with limited gubernatorial nominations.
Consider the following statements regarding the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC):
1. BTC was created under the Fifth Schedule following the Bodo Accord.
2. BTC has absolute executive powers over all subjects in the State List.
3. Elections to the BTC are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. BTC is Sixth Schedule. Powers are restricted to specified subjects. Elections are by the State Election Commission.
Consider the following statements comparing Fifth and Sixth Schedule areas:
1. Fifth Schedule areas are administered essentially by the State Government, whereas Sixth Schedule areas have greater autonomy via District Councils.
2. The Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) possesses identical legislative and judicial powers as an Autonomous District Council (ADC).
3. Sixth Schedule areas are completely exempt from the jurisdiction of the respective State High Courts.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because a TAC is advisory, whereas an ADC has legislative/judicial powers. Statement 3 is incorrect because High Courts maintain jurisdiction.
Consider the following statements regarding general tribal safeguards:
1. The Constitution lists exact anthropological criteria for ST identification in Article 15.
2. Article 15(4) empowers special provisions for backward classes but excludes Scheduled Tribes.
3. Claims of SC/STs to services are prioritized over administrative efficiency under Article 335.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Article 15 does not list criteria. Article 15(4) includes STs. Article 335 requires consistency with efficiency.
Consider the following statements regarding political reservations for Scheduled Tribes:
1. Reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha applies uniformly to all States irrespective of their specific ST population.
2. Article 332 provides for ST reservation in State Legislative Assemblies based on their population proportion.
3. The Constitution initially provided for political reservation for a permanent duration without any sunset clause.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect because it depends on population. Statement 3 is incorrect because it is periodically extended (Article 334).
Consider the following statements regarding the Tribes Advisory Council (TAC):
1. A Tribes Advisory Council must be established in every state that has scheduled areas.
2. The TAC consists of a maximum of 20 members, three-fourths of whom are representatives of the Scheduled Tribes in the state legislative assembly.
3. A state that does not have scheduled areas but has scheduled tribes is constitutionally barred from establishing a Tribes Advisory Council.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the President can direct that a Tribes Advisory Council be established in a state having scheduled tribes but no scheduled areas.
Consider the following statements regarding the financial powers under the Sixth Schedule:
1. There is constituted for each autonomous district a 'District Fund' to which all moneys received by the Council are credited.
2. The Regional and District Councils are empowered to assess and collect land revenue within their jurisdiction.
3. The District Council possesses the constitutional power to levy and collect taxes on professions, trades, callings, and employments.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These provisions provide the necessary financial autonomy to the councils, allowing them to manage funds and generate revenue through taxation.
Consider the following statements regarding the Inner Line Permit (ILP) system:
1. The Inner Line Permit system originated under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873.
2. It regulates the entry of Indian citizens into certain protected states to safeguard the culture of the indigenous tribal population.
3. The ILP system is currently applicable exclusively to the states governed by the Sixth Schedule.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because ILP applies to states like Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur, which are not under the Sixth Schedule.
Consider the following statements regarding financial grants under Article 275:
1. Grants-in-aid under Article 275(1) for tribal welfare are disbursed strictly from the Contingency Fund of India.
2. State governments are required to provide matching grants equal to the Central grants received for tribal welfare.
3. These specific welfare grants are available exclusively for the states covered under the Sixth Schedule.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because grants are from the Consolidated Fund. Statement 2 is incorrect because no matching grant is mandatory. Statement 3 is incorrect because grants apply to any state promoting ST welfare.
Consider the following statements regarding the administration and boundaries of Tribal Areas:
1. The Constitution defines 'Scheduled Areas' strictly based on a numerical threshold of the tribal population being above 75%.
2. The executive power of the Union in respect of Scheduled Areas prohibits the provision of financial grants-in-aid to states.
3. Any change to the boundaries of the autonomous districts under the Sixth Schedule requires a formal Constitutional Amendment Act under Article 368.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Constitution defines no specific numerical thresholds. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Union provides grants-in-aid under Article 275. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Governor can alter boundaries without an Amendment Act.
Consider the following statements regarding the application of central and state laws to autonomous districts:
1. In Assam, the Governor may direct that any Act of Parliament shall not apply to an autonomous district or shall apply with modifications.
2. In Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, the Governor exercises the exact same power as the Governor of Assam regarding Acts of Parliament.
3. The Governor of Assam may direct that any Act of the State Legislature shall not apply to an autonomous district.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because for Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, the power regarding Parliamentary Acts is vested in the President.
Consider the following statements regarding the judicial powers in Sixth Schedule areas:
1. The district councils can constitute village councils or courts for the trial of all civil and criminal cases between all citizens residing in the district.
2. Appeals from the village courts established by the district councils lie directly to the Supreme Court of India.
3. The jurisdiction of the High Court over suits handled by village councils is determined and modified by the Parliament alone.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because village courts can only try cases between Scheduled Tribes within such areas. Statement 2 is incorrect because appeals lie to regional council courts or the High Court. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Governor specifies High Court jurisdiction.
Consider the following statements regarding the Tribes Advisory Council (TAC):
1. A Tribes Advisory Council shall consist of not more than twenty members.
2. As nearly as may be, three-fourths of the TAC members shall be representatives of the Scheduled Tribes in the State Legislative Assembly.
3. If the number of ST representatives in the Assembly is less than the TAC seats allocated to them, the remaining seats shall be filled by other members of those tribes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These provisions in the Fifth Schedule ensure that the TAC is adequately representative of tribal legislators in the state.
Consider the following statements regarding the geography of Sixth Schedule areas:
1. The Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, and Garo Hills Districts are located in Meghalaya.
2. The Chakma, Mara, and Lai Districts are autonomous districts located in Tripura.
3. The tribal areas in Manipur are administered under the Sixth Schedule.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because those districts are in Mizoram. Statement 3 is incorrect because Manipur hill areas are under Article 371C.
Consider the following statements regarding the powers of the Gram Sabha under PESA, 1996:
1. Every Gram Sabha is empowered to safeguard traditions, customs, and community resources.
2. The Gram Sabha must be consulted before the acquisition of land in Scheduled Areas for development projects.
3. PESA empowers the Gram Sabha to independently issue environmental clearances for major mining projects.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because PESA does not grant power to issue environmental clearances for major mining projects independently.
Consider the following statements regarding the application of central and state laws in Sixth Schedule areas:
1. In Assam, the Governor may direct that an Act of Parliament does not apply to an autonomous district or applies with specified modifications.
2. In Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, the Governor alone holds the absolute power to decide the applicability of all Acts of Parliament.
3. Acts of the state legislature automatically apply to autonomous districts without any exceptions or modifications across all four Sixth Schedule states.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because for Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, the President (not the Governor) directs the applicability. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Governor generally decides the applicability of state acts.
Consider the following statements regarding the Governor's powers in the Sixth Schedule:
1. The Governor is empowered to organize and re-organize the autonomous districts.
2. If there are different tribes in an autonomous district, the Governor can divide the district into several autonomous regions.
3. The Governor holds the power to alter the name of any autonomous district.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The Governor possesses vast administrative powers over the structure of autonomous districts and regions in the Sixth Schedule areas.
Consider the following statements regarding royalties in Sixth Schedule areas:
1. The District Council is entitled to a share of the royalties accruing from mineral extraction licenses.
2. Disputes as to the share of royalties are referred to the Governor, whose determination is final.
3. The amount of royalties determined by the Governor is subject to a mandatory review by the Supreme Court.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Governor's decision is final.
Consider the following statements regarding the administration of Scheduled Areas under the Fifth Schedule:
1. The executive power of a State extends to the administration of the Scheduled Areas situated within its boundaries.
2. The President can alter the boundary of a Scheduled Area only with the prior consent and approval of the Parliament.
3. A Tribes Advisory Council can only be established in states that have officially notified Scheduled Areas within their territory.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because Parliamentary consent is not required for boundaries. Statement 3 is incorrect because TACs can be established in states with STs but no Scheduled Areas.
Consider the following statements regarding the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006:
1. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the central nodal agency for the implementation of the provisions of the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
2. The Gram Sabha has the final authority to reject forest rights claims without any scope for appeal.
3. The FRA 2006 is applicable exclusively to the tribal areas explicitly listed under the Fifth and Sixth Schedules.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because an appeals process exists. Statement 3 is incorrect because FRA applies across the country, not just in Fifth/Sixth Schedule areas.
Consider the following statements regarding the Sixth Schedule:
1. The Sixth Schedule contains provisions for the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura.
2. The tribal areas in these states have been constituted as autonomous states functioning entirely outside the executive authority of the state concerned.
3. The President of India organizes and reorganizes the autonomous districts under the Sixth Schedule.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because Manipur is not covered by the Sixth Schedule (Mizoram is). Statement 2 is incorrect because they remain within the executive authority of the state. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Governor (not the President) organizes autonomous districts.
Consider the following statements regarding the executive power over Fifth Schedule areas:
1. The executive power of the Union extends to giving directions to the state regarding the administration of scheduled areas.
2. The executive power of a state does not extend to the scheduled areas located within its territorial boundaries.
3. The Governor is required to submit a report to the Prime Minister annually regarding the administration of such areas.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the executive power of a state extends to the scheduled areas (subject to Fifth Schedule provisions). Statement 3 is incorrect because the Governor's report is submitted to the President.
Consider the following statements regarding Autonomous District Councils (ADCs):
1. Each autonomous district under the Sixth Schedule generally has a district council consisting of 30 members.
2. Of the 30 members, four are nominated by the Governor and the remaining 26 are elected on the basis of adult franchise.
3. The elected members of the district council hold office for a term of five years unless the council is dissolved earlier.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These structural provisions form the democratic basis for the ADCs in the Sixth Schedule areas, with a standard size of 30 members.
Consider the following statements regarding the status of Scheduled Areas:
1. The criteria for declaring any area as a Scheduled Area are explicitly defined in Article 244 of the Constitution.
2. Once an area is declared a Scheduled Area, the State Legislature completely loses its power to legislate for that territory.
3. The Supreme Court of India acts as the final authority to declare an area as a Scheduled Area.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because criteria were established by the Dhebar Commission. Statement 2 is incorrect because state laws still apply. Statement 3 is incorrect because the President holds this exclusive power.
Consider the following statements regarding the PESA Act, 1996:
1. The PESA Act extends Part IX of the Constitution (Panchayats) to the Fifth Schedule Areas with certain modifications.
2. The PESA Act applies equally to both the Fifth Schedule Areas and the Sixth Schedule Areas.
3. Under PESA, the State Legislature is entirely prohibited from making any laws regarding Panchayats in Scheduled Areas.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because PESA applies only to Fifth Schedule areas. Statement 3 is incorrect because State Legislatures must make laws consistent with PESA.
Consider the following statements regarding Article 244A of the Constitution:
1. Article 244A empowers the President to form an autonomous State in Assam by executive order.
2. An autonomous State created under Article 244A must have a bicameral legislature.
3. Laws passed under Article 244A are deemed to be amendments of the Constitution under Article 368.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 involves Parliament by law. Statement 2 does not require bicameralism. Statement 3 is explicitly NOT an amendment under Article 368.
Consider the following statements regarding the criteria for declaring an area as a Scheduled Area (Dhebar Commission):
1. A preponderance of tribal population is one of the primary criteria.
2. The compactness and reasonable size of the area is heavily considered.
3. The economic backwardness of the area compared to neighboring areas serves as a guiding criterion.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These criteria (along with administrative viability) were established by the U.N. Dhebar Commission to guide the creation of Scheduled Areas.
Consider the following statements regarding the legislative powers of ADCs:
1. The district and regional councils can make laws on any subject mentioned in the State List to ensure autonomy.
2. All laws made by the district councils require the immediate assent of the President of India to become valid.
3. The district councils are completely barred from assessing and collecting land revenue within their respective jurisdictions.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because they can make laws only on specified subjects (land, forests, etc.). Statement 2 is incorrect because laws require Governor's assent. Statement 3 is incorrect because they are specifically empowered to assess and collect land revenue.
Consider the following statements regarding the administration of justice in Sixth Schedule areas:
1. Regional or District Councils may constitute village councils for the trial of suits between parties all of whom belong to Scheduled Tribes.
2. The Regional or District Council may appoint suitable persons to be presiding officers of such courts.
3. The High Court exercises such jurisdiction over these cases as the Governor may by order specify.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The Sixth Schedule grants autonomous councils the power to establish local judicial mechanisms for trying cases among Scheduled Tribes.
Consider the following statements regarding tribal administration history:
1. The concept of 'Excluded Areas' was introduced in the Constitution of India in 1950.
2. The ILP system was established post-independence to protect North-Eastern tribes.
3. The PESA Act of 1996 was passed as a Constitutional Amendment to insert Part IXA.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is from 1935 Act. Statement 2 is from 1873. Statement 3 is an Act (not Amendment) and relates to Part IX.
Consider the following statements regarding the legislative mechanisms in Scheduled Areas:
1. The Governor is empowered to direct that any particular act of Parliament or the state legislature does not apply to a scheduled area.
2. The Governor can make regulations for the peace and good government of a scheduled area after consulting the Tribes Advisory Council.
3. Regulations made by the Governor for a scheduled area require the assent of the President to become effective.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The Governor possesses significant legislative powers, including modifying central/state laws and making new regulations, subject to TAC consultation and Presidential assent.
Consider the following statements regarding political reservations for Scheduled Tribes:
1. Seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha based strictly on their population proportion.
2. Seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes in the State Legislative Assemblies based on their population proportion.
3. The reservation of seats for STs is a permanent constitutional provision not subject to any sunset clauses.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because political reservation is not permanent (limited by Article 334 and periodically extended).
Consider the following statements regarding the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST):
1. The NCST was established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A through the 89th Amendment Act.
2. The Commission consists of a chairperson, a vice-chairperson, and three other members appointed by the President by warrant.
3. The Commission has all the powers of a civil court while investigating matters regarding the constitutional safeguards for STs.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The NCST is a constitutional body established to focus on the rights of Scheduled Tribes, equipped with the powers of a civil court for investigation.
Consider the following statements regarding the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST):
1. The NCST was established as a separate constitutional body through the 89th Amendment Act.
2. The conditions of service and tenure of office of the Chairperson and members are determined by the President.
3. The Commission has the power to regulate its own procedure while investigating tribal safeguards.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The NCST is an independent constitutional body established under Article 338A with specific powers to regulate its procedure.
Consider the following statements regarding the PESA Act, 1996:
1. The PESA Act was enacted to extend the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution (Panchayats) to the Fifth Schedule Areas.
2. Under PESA, every Gram Sabha is deemed competent to safeguard and preserve the traditions and customs of the tribal people.
3. To ensure uniformity, the PESA Act has been extended equally to both Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule areas.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because PESA extends only to Fifth Schedule Areas; the Sixth Schedule areas have their own ADC mechanism.
Consider the following statements regarding the oversight mechanisms for Autonomous District Councils:
1. The Governor can appoint a commission to examine and report on any matter relating to the administration of autonomous districts.
2. The Governor may dissolve a district or regional council on the recommendation of such a commission.
3. The report of the commission, along with the recommendations of the Governor, is required to be laid before the legislature of the state.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These provisions ensure a check-and-balance where the Governor can review ADCs through an independent commission and present findings to the state legislature.
Consider the following statements regarding Article 342 of the Constitution:
1. The President may, with respect to any State, specify the tribes or tribal communities to be deemed as Scheduled Tribes.
2. For specifying a Scheduled Tribe in a State, the President is constitutionally required to consult the Governor of that State.
3. Any subsequent modification to the Presidential order declaring Scheduled Tribes can be done directly by the President through a fresh executive order.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because once the initial Presidential order is issued, any inclusion/exclusion can only be done by an Act of Parliament.
Consider the following statements regarding PESA Act, 1996:
1. Gram Sabhas are endowed with the power to enforce prohibition or restrict the sale of intoxicants.
2. Planning and management of minor water bodies are entrusted to appropriate level Panchayats.
3. State Legislatures must ensure Gram Sabhas control local plans and tribal sub-plans.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These are the specific decentralized powers guaranteed to tribal communities under PESA.
Consider the following statements regarding the powers and reporting of the NCST:
1. The NCST has the constitutional authority to award punishments in cases involving atrocities against Scheduled Tribes.
2. The Union Government cannot introduce any legislative policy affecting STs without prior explicit and binding approval from the NCST.
3. The NCST presents its annual reports directly to the Prime Minister for immediate administrative action.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because NCST lacks punitive judicial powers. Statement 2 is incorrect because NCST is only consulted (recommendations are not binding). Statement 3 is incorrect because reports go to the President.
Consider the following statements regarding the Commission for Scheduled Areas (Article 339):
1. The Constitution mandates the appointment of a Commission to report on Scheduled Areas every ten years.
2. The Dhebar Commission was appointed primarily to demarcate the boundaries of autonomous districts in the North-East.
3. The recommendations of the Commission appointed under Article 339 are legally binding on the Government.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because there is no mandatory 10-year cycle. Statement 2 is incorrect because Dhebar Commission focused on mainland STs. Statement 3 is incorrect because recommendations are advisory.
Consider the following statements regarding the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution:
1. The Fifth Schedule applies to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes in any state other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
2. The President of India is empowered to declare an area to be a scheduled area.
3. The Governor of a state can increase or decrease the boundary of any scheduled area in consultation with the Chief Minister without requiring the President's approval.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because any alteration, increase, or decrease of the boundary of a scheduled area requires the explicit order of the President of India, not the Governor.
Consider the following statements regarding the financial powers of Autonomous District Councils:
1. The district and regional councils are empowered to assess and collect land revenue.
2. They can impose specified taxes like taxes on professions, trades, callings, and employments.
3. They are authorized to levy taxes on animals, vehicles, and boats within their jurisdiction.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. The Sixth Schedule explicitly grants councils taxation powers, providing them with financial autonomy for local development.
Consider the following statements regarding the legislative mechanisms under the Fifth Schedule:
1. The Governor's regulations may repeal or amend any Act of Parliament applicable to a Scheduled Area.
2. All regulations made by the Governor must be submitted to the President and require his assent.
3. No regulation shall be made by the Governor unless they have consulted the Tribes Advisory Council.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are correct. These are the key legislative requirements for the Governor's special powers in Fifth Schedule Areas.
Consider the following statements regarding the functions and reporting of the NCST:
1. The NCST submits its annual report exclusively and directly to the Parliament of India.
2. The Union government is constitutionally bound to accept and implement all recommendations made by the NCST.
3. The NCST is mandated to investigate issues relating to the Anglo-Indian community alongside the Scheduled Tribes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because reports go to the President. Statement 2 is incorrect because recommendations are advisory. Statement 3 is incorrect because Anglo-Indian matters were handled by the NCSC, not NCST.
Consider the following statements regarding the Commission for Scheduled Areas:
1. The President is constitutionally bound to appoint a commission to report on the administration of the scheduled areas exactly every five years.
2. The first commission to report on the administration of the Scheduled Areas was appointed in 1960 under the chairmanship of Dileep Singh Bhuria.
3. The report of this commission is submitted directly to the Parliament for a mandatory vote of confidence.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because the President can appoint the commission at any time. Statement 2 is incorrect because the first commission was chaired by U.N. Dhebar in 1960. Statement 3 is incorrect because the report is submitted to the President.
Consider the following statements regarding the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006:
1. The Act recognizes forest rights in both Forest Dwelling Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers.
2. Under the FRA, the District Collector is the final authority to unilaterally determine the extent of forest rights.
3. The Act recognizes the right of ownership and disposal of minor forest produce traditionally collected.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the process is initiated by the Gram Sabha and finalized by the District Level Committee.
Consider the following statements regarding the Governor's powers in Fifth Schedule Areas:
1. The Governor may make regulations for the peace and good government of a Scheduled Area.
2. Such regulations may prohibit or restrict the transfer of land by or among members of the Scheduled Tribes.
3. The Governor can unilaterally draft and enforce these regulations without consulting the Tribes Advisory Council.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because TAC consultation is mandatory for making such regulations.
Consider the following statements regarding the specification of Scheduled Tribes:
1. The President may, after consultation with the Governor, specify the tribes to be deemed Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State.
2. Parliament lacks the authority to modify the list of Scheduled Tribes once officially promulgated by Presidential Order.
3. A community listed as a Scheduled Tribe in one State is automatically recognized as such in all other States.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because Parliament can include/exclude communities. Statement 3 is incorrect because ST status is state-specific.
Consider the following statements regarding the alteration of Scheduled Areas:
1. The President of India is authorized to alter the boundaries of a Scheduled Area.
2. The President can declare that a particular area shall cease to be a Scheduled Area after consulting the Governor of that state.
3. Any alteration to the boundaries of a Scheduled Area strictly requires a Constitutional Amendment Act under Article 368.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the President can alter boundaries by executive order, without needing a Constitutional Amendment Act.
Consider the following statements regarding representation in Sixth Schedule councils:
1. The Bodoland Territorial Council uniquely contains an explicit provision for the reservation of seats for non-tribals.
2. The Governor nominates members to an ADC, and these nominated members outnumber the elected ones.
3. Members of Parliament (MPs) representing constituencies covering the autonomous districts are explicitly barred from meetings of the councils.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because elected members outnumber nominated ones. Statement 3 is incorrect because MPs and MLAs can participate as ex-officio members.
Consider the following statements regarding the powers of the Gram Sabha under the PESA Act:
1. The Gram Sabha is endowed with the power to prevent alienation of land in the Scheduled Areas.
2. The recommendation of the Gram Sabha is not mandatory for granting a prospecting license for minor minerals in the Scheduled Areas.
3. The State Legislature is explicitly barred from endowing Panchayats at higher levels with any powers over minor forest produce.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because Gram Sabha recommendation is mandatory for minor minerals. Statement 3 is incorrect because state legislatures can endow ownership of minor forest produce to appropriate levels.
Consider the following statements regarding the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC):
1. The Bodoland Territorial Council operates exclusively under the provisions of the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
2. The BTC has a total of exactly 30 members, maintaining uniformity with all other District Councils under the Sixth Schedule.
3. Laws made by the Bodoland Territorial Council do not require the assent of the Governor of Assam to come into effect.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: All three statements are incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect because BTC operates under the Sixth Schedule. Statement 2 is incorrect because BTC has up to 46 members. Statement 3 is incorrect because all laws made by District Councils require Governor's assent.
Consider the following statements regarding the administrative powers of District Councils under the Sixth Schedule:
1. The District Council may manage dispensaries, markets, ferries, and roads within an autonomous district.
2. The Governor may entrust to the District Council functions relating to agriculture and animal husbandry.
3. The District Council has the authority to issue Inner Line Permits independently.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because ILP is a state government mechanism, not an ADC power.