Consider the following statements regarding Mainstreaming gender in fiscal policy frameworks:
1. The UN Women’s 'Gender Responsive Budgeting' framework identifies the 'expenditure incidence analysis' as a primary tool to assess how public spending on health and education affects different gender groups within a population.
2. The Government of India introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget 2005-06, categorizing expenditures into Part A for schemes with 100% women-specific allocations and Part B for schemes with at least 30% women-specific allocations.
3. The OECD’s 2015 Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life encourages member countries to link gender-responsive budgeting to performance-based budgeting frameworks to track the impact of fiscal policy on gender outcomes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as expenditure incidence analysis is a standard UN Women tool for evaluating the distribution of public benefits across genders. Statement 2 is correct, reflecting the 2005-06 introduction of the Gender Budget Statement, which mandates Part A for 100% women-specific schemes and Part B for schemes where at least 30% of the outlay is for women. Statement 3 is correct because the 2015 OECD Recommendation explicitly promotes integrating gender-responsive budgeting with performance-based frameworks to ensure fiscal accountability and measurable gender equality outcomes.
Consider the following statements regarding Integration of Gender Budgeting in Outcome-Based Budgeting:
1. The Government of India formally introduced the Gender Budgeting Statement in the Union Budget of 2005-06 to track the flow of public funds to women-centric schemes.
2. The Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency for Gender Budgeting, maintaining a network of Gender Budgeting Cells across 57 central ministries and departments.
3. The Outcome Budget document, first presented in 2005, serves as a performance measurement tool that links financial outlays to tangible physical outputs for gender-specific programs.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the Gender Budgeting Statement was introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget to ensure fiscal transparency regarding gender-specific allocations. Statement 2 is correct because the Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency, overseeing Gender Budgeting Cells established across 57 central ministries and departments to mainstream gender perspectives. Statement 3 is correct as the Outcome Budget, introduced in 2005, serves as a critical performance tool that shifts the focus from mere financial outlays to measurable physical outputs, thereby integrating gender accountability into the broader governance framework.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-Disaggregated Data collection methodologies:
1. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted in 1995 encourages national statistical offices to develop gender-sensitive indicators for measuring unpaid work.
2. The 2014 UN Statistical Commission report on gender statistics highlights the use of time-use surveys as a primary methodology for capturing household-level gender-disaggregated data.
3. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women provides for the creation of the Gender Inequality Index, which serves as the official metric for reporting national progress to the UN.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the 1995 Beijing Declaration explicitly mandated that national statistical offices incorporate gender-sensitive indicators to quantify unpaid work and domestic labor. Statement 2 is correct because the UN Statistical Commission recognizes time-use surveys as the gold standard for capturing the distribution of labor within households, which is essential for gender-disaggregated analysis. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Gender Inequality Index (GII) was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its 2010 Human Development Report, not by the 1979 CEDAW convention.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) in Union Budget:
1. The Gender Budgeting Statement originated from the 1995 Beijing Declaration and was formally adopted by the NITI Aayog in its inaugural 2015 report.
2. Part A of the Gender Budgeting Statement encompasses schemes where 100 percent of the budgetary allocation is earmarked for women.
3. The Gender Budgeting Statement was first introduced in the Union Budget of 2005-06 under the Expenditure Budget Volume 1.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Statement was formally introduced by the Ministry of Finance in 2005-06, not by NITI Aayog in 2015. Statement 2 is correct as Part A of the GBS includes schemes with 100% allocation for women, while Part B includes schemes with at least 30% allocation. Statement 3 is correct because the GBS was first presented as a part of the Union Budget 2005-06 under the Expenditure Budget Volume 1 to track gender-specific allocations.
Consider the following statements regarding Tracking of gender-specific allocations in Outcome Budgets:
1. The Outcome Budget document, presented since 2006-07, links financial outlays to physical outputs and outcomes for schemes under Part A and Part B of the Gender Budget.
2. The Gender Budgeting Handbook, released in 2007, outlines the methodology for ministries to conduct gender-based analysis of their respective departmental budgets.
3. The Ministry of Women and Child Development functions as the nodal agency for coordinating the Gender Budgeting process across various Union Ministries and Departments.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
The Outcome Budget was introduced in 2005-06 to link outlays with outcomes, and since 2006-07, it has integrated gender-specific allocations under Part A (100% women-centric) and Part B (at least 30% women-centric) schemes. The Gender Budgeting Handbook, published by the Ministry of Finance in 2007, provides the standard methodology for gender-responsive budgeting, while the Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency responsible for institutionalizing and monitoring these gender-budgeting initiatives across all Union Ministries.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) vs Gender Neutral Budgeting:
1. The Ministry of Finance maintains the Gender Budget Statement, and the 2015 NITI Aayog report on gender mainstreaming suggests that Gender Neutral Budgeting is a prerequisite for the successful execution of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao initiative.
2. Gender Responsive Budgeting seeks to address systemic inequalities, and the World Bank's 2019 Gender Equality Strategy provides a technical definition that classifies Gender Neutral Budgeting as a sub-component of gender-sensitive fiscal planning.
3. The Gender Budgeting Cell was established in the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2004, and it oversees the implementation of Gender Neutral Budgeting across all centrally sponsored schemes to ensure uniform resource distribution.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because Gender Neutral Budgeting assumes equal impact regardless of gender, whereas Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) specifically targets systemic inequalities. Statement 1 is false as the Ministry of Finance's Gender Budget Statement promotes GRB, not gender-neutral approaches, for initiatives like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao. Statement 2 is incorrect because the World Bank distinguishes GRB as a tool to dismantle, not merely accommodate, gender-blind fiscal planning. Finally, Statement 3 is false because the Gender Budgeting Cells were mandated by the Ministry of Finance, not the Ministry of Women and Child Development, and their objective is to integrate gender perspectives into budgets rather than enforcing 'gender-neutral' resource distribution.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of Ministry of Women and Child Development in GRB:
1. The Gender Budgeting Handbook for Government of India Ministries and Departments was released by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2007 to provide operational guidelines for GRB implementation.
2. The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, adopted in 2001, provides the legal basis for the Ministry of Women and Child Development to audit the gender-specific expenditures of the Ministry of Defence.
3. The Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency for Gender Budgeting in India and has been responsible for the Gender Budget Statement since the 2005-06 Union Budget.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) issued the Gender Budgeting Handbook in 2007 to institutionalize GRB across various ministries. Statement 3 is correct because the MWCD serves as the nodal agency for GRB, and the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) was first introduced in the Union Budget 2005-06 to reflect gender-responsive allocations. Statement 2 is incorrect because while the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women (2001) mandates gender mainstreaming, it does not grant the MWCD the authority to audit the Ministry of Defence, as auditing powers remain exclusively with the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-responsive tax policy analysis:
1. The 2011 Istanbul Convention on preventing violence against women includes specific provisions for member states to implement gender-neutral excise tax reforms on essential household goods.
2. Article 13 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) calls for states to ensure women have equal rights to family benefits and financial credit.
3. The IMF's 2017 Fiscal Monitor report highlights that personal income tax systems with high marginal rates on secondary earners often disincentivize female labor force participation.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the 2011 Istanbul Convention focuses on preventing violence against women and domestic abuse, containing no provisions regarding excise tax reforms. Statement 2 is correct as Article 13 of CEDAW mandates that states eliminate discrimination against women in economic and social life, specifically ensuring equal rights to family benefits and bank loans. Statement 3 is correct because the IMF's 2017 Fiscal Monitor identified that secondary earners, who are disproportionately women, face higher effective tax rates in joint-filing systems, which acts as a significant barrier to their labor force participation.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-responsive tax policy analysis:
1. The 2008 Gender Budgeting Handbook published by the Ministry of Finance outlines the transition from Part A to Part B classification for all centrally sponsored schemes.
2. The UN Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action of 1995 encourages governments to conduct gender-impact analyses of national budgets and tax policies.
3. India’s Gender Budget Statement, introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget, categorizes expenditure into Part A for schemes with 100% women-specific allocations.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the 1995 Beijing Declaration explicitly mandates gender-impact assessments of fiscal policies to ensure equitable resource distribution. Statement 3 is correct because the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) was introduced in 2005-06, where Part A includes schemes with 100% women-specific allocations and Part B includes schemes with at least 30% allocation for women. Statement 1 is incorrect because the 2008 Handbook was a guide for integrating gender perspectives into planning, but the Part A and Part B classification system was established by the Ministry of Finance at the inception of the GBS in 2005, not by the 2008 Handbook.
Consider the following statements regarding Institutional mechanism of Gender Budgeting Cells (GBCs):
1. The Ministry of Women and Child Development functions as the nodal agency for coordinating the Gender Budgeting framework and providing technical support to the cells.
2. The framework for Gender Budgeting Cells was introduced in the 2004 Union Budget, which includes provisions for the cells to directly reallocate funds between different departmental heads without prior parliamentary approval.
3. The Gender Budgeting Cells were established under the provisions of the 2005 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, which provides for a dedicated annual audit of gender-responsive expenditures by the Comptroller and Auditor General.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency for promoting and coordinating Gender Budgeting (GB) across ministries. Statement 2 is incorrect because GBCs serve as focal points for mainstreaming gender perspectives in policies and budgets, but they possess no authority to reallocate funds, which remains the sole prerogative of the Parliament. Statement 3 is incorrect because, while the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women (2001) supports gender mainstreaming, there is no statutory provision mandating a dedicated annual audit of gender-responsive expenditures specifically by the CAG.
Consider the following statements regarding Mainstreaming gender in fiscal policy frameworks:
1. The 2012 World Bank framework on Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability includes a specific pillar for gender-responsive budgeting, which evaluates the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization in improving the labor force participation rate of women in rural areas.
2. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes Target 5.c, which focuses on the adoption of sound policies for the promotion of gender equality, and it provides for the automatic transfer of federal funds to local bodies that achieve gender parity in primary school enrollment.
3. The 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women established the Gender Budgeting Cell within the Planning Commission, which oversees the integration of gender-disaggregated data into the annual Five-Year Plan documents for all central ministries.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect: The PEFA framework (2016 update) includes gender-responsive public financial management, but it does not mandate fiscal decentralization for rural labor participation. SDG Target 5.c focuses on adopting and strengthening policies for gender equality, but it contains no provision for the automatic transfer of federal funds based on school enrollment parity. The Gender Budgeting Cell was established by the Ministry of Finance in 2005, not the 2001 Policy, and the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) was not the primary oversight body for these cells.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting and the '3R' Framework (Resource, Responsibility, Rights):
1. The 3R framework classifies the 'Responsibility' component as the assessment of tax revenue collection efficiency, which is then used to calculate the gender gap in corporate social responsibility spending.
2. India introduced Gender Budgeting in the Union Budget 2005-06, establishing a dedicated Gender Budgeting Statement to track the flow of funds to women-specific schemes.
3. In the Indian context, the Gender Budgeting Statement is presented as part of the Expenditure Budget Vol-I, which covers both the Department of Expenditure and the Ministry of Finance's internal administrative costs.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as India formally adopted Gender Budgeting in the Union Budget 2005-06, introducing a Gender Budgeting Statement to track fund allocations for women. Statement 1 is incorrect because the '3R' framework (Representation, Resources, and Reality) is a tool for gender analysis, not related to tax efficiency or CSR spending. Statement 3 is incorrect because while the Gender Budgeting Statement is part of the Expenditure Budget Vol-I, it tracks allocations across various ministries and departments for women-centric schemes, rather than focusing on internal administrative costs of the Ministry of Finance.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Audit of public expenditure:
1. The Ministry of Finance in India introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget of 2005-06 to track the flow of public funds to women-centric schemes.
2. The National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) conducted the first comprehensive gender audit of the Union Budget in 2004, identifying gaps in sectoral resource allocation.
3. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted at the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women serves as the foundational international framework for gender-responsive budgeting.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct. The Gender Budget Statement was formally introduced by the Ministry of Finance in the 2005-06 Union Budget to track allocations for women-centric schemes. The NIPFP conducted a pioneering study in 2004 that analyzed the 2001-02 Union Budget to highlight gender-blindness in fiscal policy, and the 1995 Beijing Declaration remains the global catalyst that mandated governments to integrate gender perspectives into budgetary processes.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) in Union Budget:
1. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Empowerment of Women reviews the Gender Budgeting Statement before it is presented to the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister.
2. Data from the 2023-24 Union Budget indicates that the Gender Budgeting Statement includes contributions from 30 different ministries and departments.
3. The Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency for coordinating gender budgeting activities across various central ministries.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) is prepared by the Ministry of Finance and presented as part of the Union Budget, not reviewed by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Empowerment of Women prior to presentation. Statement 2 is correct as the 2023-24 Union Budget GBS indeed encompassed allocations from 30 different ministries and departments, reflecting the government's multi-sectoral approach. Statement 3 is correct because the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) serves as the nodal agency, responsible for issuing guidelines and coordinating gender budgeting efforts across all central ministries and departments.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-sensitive Public Financial Management (PFM):
1. The UN Women’s 'Gender Responsive Budgeting and Aid Effectiveness' initiative launched in 2008 emphasizes the integration of gender analysis into the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) of developing nations.
2. The IMF’s 2017 policy paper on gender budgeting highlights that fiscal policies can reduce gender gaps in labor force participation by reallocating public spending toward childcare infrastructure.
3. The 2015 Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development encourages member states to adopt gender-responsive budgeting and accounting systems to track the impact of public investment.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: the 2008 UN Women initiative institutionalized gender-responsive budgeting within MTEFs to ensure aid effectiveness; the IMF’s 2017 policy paper explicitly identified public investment in childcare as a fiscal lever to boost female labor force participation; and the 2015 Addis Ababa Action Agenda serves as a global framework mandating that countries implement gender-responsive budgeting and tracking systems to promote inclusive development. Since all statements accurately reflect international policy milestones in gender-sensitive PFM, there are no incorrect statements.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) vs Gender Neutral Budgeting:
1. Gender Neutral Budgeting focuses on the equitable distribution of resources, and the UN Beijing Platform for Action of 1995 established the first international legal framework for the mandatory implementation of gender-neutral fiscal policies.
2. Gender Responsive Budgeting involves analyzing the differential impact of government policies, and the IMF's 2017 Fiscal Monitor report identifies Gender Neutral Budgeting as the most effective strategy for narrowing the gender wage gap in emerging economies.
3. The Gender Responsive Budgeting framework aims to reduce fiscal deficits, and the 2011 OECD guidelines on public financial management suggest that gender-neutral budgeting is the primary tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because Gender Neutral Budgeting assumes policies affect all genders equally, ignoring existing disparities, whereas Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) specifically targets these gaps. The Beijing Platform for Action (1995) advocated for gender-sensitive, not gender-neutral, policies, and international bodies like the IMF and OECD emphasize GRB-not gender-neutral budgeting-as the critical tool for achieving SDG 5 and addressing economic inequalities. Furthermore, GRB is a tool for equity and social justice rather than a primary mechanism for reducing fiscal deficits.
Consider the following statements regarding Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) for gender equity:
1. In 2018, the Government of India introduced the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) as a component of the Union Budget to track allocations across 30 different ministries and departments.
2. The OECD 'Toolkit for Mainstreaming and Implementing Gender Equality' (2017) highlights that PETS can be utilized to disaggregate service delivery data by gender to assess equitable resource distribution.
3. The 2012 IMF Fiscal Transparency Code provides for the integration of gender-based performance indicators into the annual budgetary cycle of all G20 member nations.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) was introduced in 2005-06, and by 2018, it tracked allocations across over 30 ministries to highlight gender-responsive budgeting. Statement 2 is correct because the OECD toolkit emphasizes using PETS to identify gender-based gaps in service delivery, ensuring resources reach intended beneficiaries. Statement 3 is incorrect because the IMF Fiscal Transparency Code focuses on fiscal reporting and management, and it does not mandate the integration of gender-based performance indicators for G20 nations.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting in Panchayati Raj Institutions:
1. The Ministry of Panchayati Raj introduced the 'Gender Budgeting Manual for Panchayats' to assist local bodies in tracking expenditure on women-centric schemes.
2. As of 2023, the e-GramSwaraj portal facilitates the tagging of financial transactions under specific gender-responsive heads for better monitoring of local fund utilization.
3. The National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj conducts training modules for elected women representatives to prioritize gender-disaggregated data in local planning.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: the Ministry of Panchayati Raj released the 'Gender Budgeting Manual' to institutionalize gender-responsive governance at the grassroots level, while the e-GramSwaraj portal integrates 'Gender Budgeting' as a specific category to track and monitor the utilization of funds for women-centric activities. Furthermore, the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRDPR) actively conducts capacity-building programs for Elected Women Representatives (EWRs) to enhance their skills in utilizing gender-disaggregated data for evidence-based local planning.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Impact Assessment (GIA) of flagship welfare schemes:
1. The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, 2001, provides for the creation of a Gender Impact Assessment tool that is currently utilized by the NITI Aayog to evaluate the fiscal efficiency of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana.
2. The Ministry of Finance issued a circular in 2012 directing all state governments to establish Gender Budgeting Cells, which report their annual fiscal outcomes directly to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Empowerment of Women.
3. The UN Women's 'Gender Responsive Budgeting Initiative' launched in 2001 serves as the primary legal framework for the Comptroller and Auditor General of India to conduct mandatory gender audits of state welfare programs.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because no such mandatory GIA tool is currently utilized by NITI Aayog for PMJDY, nor does the 2012 Ministry of Finance circular mandate direct reporting to the Parliamentary Standing Committee. Furthermore, the UN Women's initiative is a policy framework rather than a legal mandate, and the CAG does not conduct mandatory gender audits of state welfare programs under this initiative. Gender Budgeting in India is primarily facilitated through Gender Budgeting Cells within Ministries and the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget, which are administrative processes rather than legally binding audit requirements.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting as a tool for Sustainable Development Goal 5:
1. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes a specific provision under Goal 5 that links the allocation of national defense budgets to the advancement of women in peacekeeping operations.
2. The 2017 World Bank report on Gender-Responsive Budgeting highlights the adoption of the 'Gender Equality Act of 2012' as the primary legislative framework governing budgetary allocations in all BRICS countries.
3. The Gender Budgeting Handbook published by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2007 outlines the methodology for the mandatory inclusion of gender-neutral taxation policies in state fiscal plans.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because SDG 5 focuses on achieving gender equality and empowering all women, but it does not mandate linking national defense budgets to peacekeeping. Statement 2 is incorrect as there is no universal 'Gender Equality Act of 2012' adopted by all BRICS nations; gender budgeting frameworks vary significantly across these countries based on their unique national policies. Statement 3 is incorrect because the 2007 Ministry of Women and Child Development handbook promotes 'gender-sensitive' budgeting-which targets specific needs of women-rather than mandating 'gender-neutral' taxation policies, which would ignore gender-based disparities.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Audit of public expenditure:
1. The 12th Five-Year Plan introduced the Gender Audit Protocol for local self-government bodies, shifting the oversight responsibility from the Ministry of Women and Child Development to the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
2. The 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women established the Gender Budgeting Cell within the Planning Commission to oversee state-level fiscal audits.
3. The OECD's 2015 Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life suggests that gender audits are conducted annually by the Comptroller and Auditor General for all central ministries.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All statements are incorrect because the Gender Audit Protocol is not a centralized mandate under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, nor was a Gender Budgeting Cell established within the Planning Commission by the 2001 Policy; instead, the Ministry of Finance issued guidelines in 2005 for all ministries to set up Gender Budgeting Cells. Furthermore, the OECD 2015 Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life focuses on integrating gender perspectives into policy cycles rather than mandating that the Comptroller and Auditor General conduct annual gender audits for all central ministries.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) in Union Budget:
1. The 2006-07 Union Budget expanded the scope of the Gender Budgeting Statement to include state-level flagship programs funded through the Consolidated Fund of India.
2. Part B of the Gender Budgeting Statement covers schemes with at least 30 percent of the total outlay specifically targeted toward women beneficiaries.
3. The Ministry of Finance established the Gender Budgeting Cell in 2004, which publishes the outcome-based gender audit report annually in the Economic Survey.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the GBS primarily tracks allocations in Union Budget schemes, not state-level programs. Statement 2 is incorrect as Part B of the GBS includes schemes where the gender component is less than 30 percent, whereas Part A covers schemes with 100 percent women-specific allocations. Statement 3 is incorrect because while the Gender Budgeting Cell was established in 2004, the GBS is published as part of the Union Budget documents (Expenditure Budget Vol. 1), not as an outcome-based audit report in the Economic Survey.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Impact Assessment (GIA) of flagship welfare schemes:
1. The Ministry of Finance introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget 2005-06 to track the flow of public expenditure towards women-specific schemes.
2. The Gender Budgeting Secretariat was established under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation in 2004 to monitor the gender-disaggregated data collection for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
3. The National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) provides technical support to the Ministry of Women and Child Development for the operationalization of gender budgeting cells.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Gender Budget Statement was indeed introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget to track public expenditure for women. Statement 3 is correct because the NIPFP acts as a key technical partner to the Ministry of Women and Child Development in training and operationalizing Gender Budgeting Cells across various ministries. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Secretariat functions under the Ministry of Women and Child Development, not the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, and its mandate covers gender budgeting across all sectors rather than being limited to MGNREGA.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of Ministry of Women and Child Development in GRB:
1. The Gender Budgeting Cell within the Ministry of Finance was established in 2004 to oversee the direct allocation of funds for the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme.
2. The Outcome Budget document, introduced in 2006, includes a specific chapter on gender-disaggregated data compiled by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation for all central ministries.
3. The 12th Five Year Plan introduced the Gender Responsive Budgeting framework, which shifted the primary responsibility for fiscal audits from the Ministry of Women and Child Development to the NITI Aayog.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Cell was established by the Ministry of Finance in 2005 to serve as a nodal agency for mainstreaming gender in all ministries, not specifically for the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme (launched in 2015). The Outcome Budget document does not contain a mandatory chapter compiled by the Ministry of Statistics for all ministries; rather, it requires individual ministries to report gender-specific outcomes. Finally, the responsibility for fiscal audits remains with the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), and the Ministry of Women and Child Development continues to be the nodal agency for Gender Responsive Budgeting, not NITI Aayog.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Audit of public expenditure:
1. The Gender Budgeting Handbook published by the Ministry of Finance in 2007 defines the gender audit process as a mandatory requirement for all departments receiving over 500 crore rupees in annual grants.
2. The 2017 Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act amendment includes a specific section that integrates gender-disaggregated data collection into the annual audit cycle of the Union Budget.
3. The UN Women's 'Gender Responsive Budgeting' initiative launched in 2000 provides a standardized methodology for auditing private sector corporate social responsibility spending alongside public expenditures.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the 2007 Ministry of Finance Handbook serves as a guidance document for mainstreaming gender perspectives rather than mandating audits based on a 500-crore threshold. Statement 2 is incorrect as the FRBM Act focuses on fiscal deficit and debt management, and there is no specific amendment within it that mandates gender-disaggregated data collection for the Union Budget audit cycle. Statement 3 is incorrect because the UN Women's Gender Responsive Budgeting initiative focuses exclusively on public sector fiscal policies and government resource allocation, not the auditing of private sector corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting and the '3R' Framework (Resource, Responsibility, Rights):
1. The Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency for gender budgeting in India, maintaining a network of Gender Budgeting Cells across 57 central ministries and departments as of 2023.
2. The 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women established the Gender Budgeting Secretariat within the NITI Aayog to oversee the implementation of gender-responsive fiscal policies across state governments.
3. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) identifies gender-sensitive budget analysis as a primary tool for achieving the strategic objective of gender equality in economic structures.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) is the nodal agency that facilitates Gender Budgeting Cells across various ministries to ensure gender-responsive governance. Statement 3 is correct because the 1995 Beijing Declaration explicitly mandated the integration of gender perspectives into budgetary processes to address systemic economic inequalities. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Secretariat is housed within the MWCD, not NITI Aayog, and the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women (2001) did not establish this specific secretariat.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting in State-level fiscal planning:
1. The Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the 'Gender Budgeting Portal' in 2015, which serves as the primary repository for the automated approval of state-level gender-responsive schemes.
2. Article 243G of the Constitution provides for the devolution of financial powers to Panchayati Raj Institutions, which serves as the legal basis for the direct transfer of Gender Budgeting funds from the Union to the village level.
3. The 14th Finance Commission recommended that states allocate 10 percent of their total annual expenditure toward gender-specific outcomes, a provision that was subsequently incorporated into the state budget circulars.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Portal, launched in 2021, serves as a knowledge repository and monitoring tool, not for automated approval of schemes. Statement 2 is incorrect as Article 243G empowers Panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social justice, but it does not mandate or facilitate the direct transfer of Union-level gender funds to villages. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Finance Commissions have not mandated a specific 10 percent allocation for gender-specific outcomes; gender budgeting remains a tool for fiscal analysis rather than a statutory expenditure quota.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-sensitive Public Financial Management (PFM):
1. The Commonwealth Secretariat’s 'Gender Budgeting Framework' developed in 2001 serves as a foundational guide for integrating gender perspectives into national budgetary cycles across member countries.
2. The 2019 World Bank report on 'Gender Equality as Smart Economics' notes that over 80 countries have implemented some form of gender-responsive budgeting since the 1995 Beijing Conference.
3. The Government of India's 'Gender Budgeting Handbook' published in 2015 provides a standardized methodology for line ministries to categorize schemes under Part A and Part B of the Gender Budget Statement.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the Commonwealth Secretariat's 2001 framework established the global benchmark for integrating gender-responsive budgeting into national PFM cycles. Statement 2 is correct because the World Bank's 'Gender Equality as Smart Economics' initiative documented the rapid adoption of these practices by over 80 nations following the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action. Statement 3 is correct as the Ministry of Women and Child Development's 2015 Handbook mandates that line ministries classify schemes into Part A (100% women-specific) and Part B (at least 30% women-focused) to ensure fiscal accountability.
Consider the following statements regarding Challenges in quantifying gender-specific benefits in public goods:
1. The 1993 Human Development Report by the UNDP introduced the Gender Development Index, which functions as the official framework for the Ministry of Women and Child Development to allocate annual funds to district-level health initiatives.
2. According to the 2023 OECD report on gender budgeting, the difficulty in quantifying benefits arises because public goods like street lighting or public transport often lack sex-disaggregated data on usage patterns and safety perceptions.
3. The Ministry of Finance's 2015 guidelines on gender budgeting suggest that the lack of gender-specific impact assessments for infrastructure projects leads to an underestimation of the indirect economic benefits accrued by women.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because while the 1993 HDR introduced the Gender-related Development Index, it is a global analytical tool and not the framework used by the Ministry of Women and Child Development for district-level fund allocation. Statement 2 is correct as OECD reports consistently highlight that the absence of sex-disaggregated data on public infrastructure usage hinders effective gender-responsive policy design. Statement 3 is correct because the Ministry of Finance's gender budgeting guidelines emphasize that failing to conduct gender-impact assessments in infrastructure projects obscures the indirect economic contributions and benefits that women derive from such investments.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-Disaggregated Data collection methodologies:
1. India's Ministry of Women and Child Development introduced the Gender Budgeting Statement in the Union Budget of 2005-06 to track public expenditure across various ministries.
2. The 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women includes provisions for the mandatory publication of gender-disaggregated data in the annual Economic Survey produced by the Ministry of Finance.
3. The 2012 World Bank Gender Data Portal encompasses the systematic collection of global sex-disaggregated data, which is linked to the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Gender Budgeting Statement was indeed introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget to track gender-responsive allocations. Statement 2 is incorrect because the 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women does not mandate the publication of such data in the Economic Survey, and gender-disaggregated data in the survey is a policy-driven practice rather than a statutory mandate of that specific policy. Statement 3 is incorrect because the World Bank's Gender Data Portal was launched in 2012 to support the broader World Bank Group Gender Strategy and Sustainable Development Goals, rather than being specifically linked to the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) vs Gender Neutral Budgeting:
1. The Outcome Budgeting framework was integrated with Gender Responsive Budgeting in 2007, and the current administrative guidelines classify Gender Neutral Budgeting as the primary mechanism for monitoring the gender-disaggregated impact of infrastructure projects.
2. The Government of India introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget 2005-06, which classifies expenditure into Part A for schemes with 100% women-specific allocation and Part B for schemes with at least 30% allocation for women.
3. Gender Responsive Budgeting incorporates a gender lens into the budget cycle, and the 1979 CEDAW treaty contains specific articles that define Gender Neutral Budgeting as the standard fiscal practice for signatory nations.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the Gender Budget Statement was introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget, categorizing schemes into Part A (100% women-specific) and Part B (at least 30% women-focused). Statement 1 is incorrect because Gender Responsive Budgeting, not Gender Neutral Budgeting, is the mechanism used to track gender-disaggregated impacts, and the Outcome Budgeting framework is distinct from GRB. Statement 3 is incorrect because while CEDAW promotes gender equality, it does not define 'Gender Neutral Budgeting' as a standard fiscal practice; in fact, GRB is the recommended tool to address systemic gender disparities.
Consider the following statements regarding Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks for gender outcomes:
1. The Beijing Platform for Action, adopted at the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women, encourages governments to incorporate gender-sensitive analysis into the formulation of national budgets.
2. The UN Women’s 'Gender Responsive Budgeting' framework identifies the 'Ex-post Evaluation' phase as the stage where actual outcomes are compared against the initial gender-related objectives.
3. The 2015 Sustainable Development Goal 5.c encompasses the global monitoring of gender-responsive budgeting, and the World Bank currently serves as the primary custodian for reporting these national fiscal statistics.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action explicitly mandated integrating gender perspectives into all budgetary processes to ensure equitable resource allocation. Statement 2 is correct because the Ex-post evaluation phase is specifically designed to audit the actual impact of fiscal policies against predefined gender-based performance indicators. Statement 3 is incorrect because, while SDG 5.c targets the adoption and strengthening of policies for gender equality, UN Women-not the World Bank-is the official UN custodian agency responsible for monitoring and reporting on these specific global indicators.
Consider the following statements regarding Institutional mechanism of Gender Budgeting Cells (GBCs):
1. The 2013 guidelines for Gender Budgeting Cells encompass the requirement for quarterly performance reports to be submitted to the National Commission for Women, which serves as the primary oversight body for fiscal gender targets.
2. The Ministry of Finance oversees the Gender Budgeting Cells through the Public Expenditure Management Division, which allows these cells to bypass the Expenditure Finance Committee for schemes exceeding 500 crore rupees.
3. The Gender Budgeting Cells are tasked with reviewing the existing schemes of their respective ministries to assess the extent of their gender-differentiated impact.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as GBCs are mandated to review and audit existing schemes to ensure they address gender-specific needs and outcomes. Statement 1 is incorrect because GBCs report to the Ministry of Finance, not the National Commission for Women, and there is no such quarterly reporting mandate to the latter. Statement 2 is incorrect because GBCs do not possess the authority to bypass the Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC); all schemes exceeding the prescribed financial threshold must undergo the standard appraisal process by the EFC.
Consider the following statements regarding Inter-sectoral convergence in Gender Budgeting:
1. The National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) has conducted periodic reviews of gender budgeting exercises, identifying gaps in the utilization of funds under the Nirbhaya Fund.
2. The 2015 Sustainable Development Goal 5.c specifically targets the adoption and strengthening of sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality.
3. The OECD's 2016 Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life encourages member countries to adopt gender-responsive budgeting as a tool for inclusive economic governance.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as NIPFP has frequently audited gender budgeting, highlighting implementation bottlenecks and fund under-utilization in schemes like the Nirbhaya Fund. Statement 2 is correct because SDG 5.c explicitly mandates the adoption and strengthening of sound policies and enforceable legislation for gender equality. Statement 3 is correct as the 2016 OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life provides a global framework for member countries to integrate gender-responsive budgeting into their fiscal policies to ensure inclusive governance.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of Ministry of Women and Child Development in GRB:
1. The Gender Budgeting Secretariat, functioning under the Ministry of Women and Child Development, manages the direct transfer of funds to state governments under the Nirbhaya Fund framework.
2. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Empowerment of Women reviews the Gender Budget Statement annually and holds the authority to reallocate funds between different ministerial departments.
3. The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) integrates gender-marker codes for all central schemes, a process initiated by the Ministry of Finance during the 2012 fiscal year.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Nirbhaya Fund is administered by the Department of Economic Affairs (Ministry of Finance), not the Gender Budgeting Secretariat. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Parliamentary Standing Committee provides oversight and recommendations but lacks the constitutional authority to reallocate funds between ministerial departments, a power reserved for the executive and legislature through the budgetary process. Statement 3 is incorrect because while gender budgeting was introduced in 2005-06, the integration of gender-marker codes into the PFMS was a phased digital reform implemented much later, not initiated in the 2012 fiscal year.
Consider the following statements regarding Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) for gender equity:
1. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) includes Article 12, which provides for the implementation of mandatory national gender budgeting audits.
2. The 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework includes Target 5.c, which provides for the adoption of specific fiscal tracking tools to measure the gender-neutrality of public spending.
3. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) identifies the systematic integration of gender perspectives into budgetary processes as a core mechanism for achieving equality.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct because the 1995 Beijing Declaration explicitly mandates that governments integrate gender perspectives into all budgetary processes to ensure equitable resource allocation. Statement 1 is incorrect because CEDAW Article 12 focuses on healthcare and does not mandate national gender budgeting audits. Statement 2 is incorrect because SDG Target 5.c focuses on adopting and strengthening sound policies and enforceable legislation for gender equality, rather than mandating specific fiscal tracking tools for gender-neutrality.
Consider the following statements regarding Challenges in quantifying gender-specific benefits in public goods:
1. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted in 1995 identifies the integration of a gender perspective into all budgetary processes as a critical mechanism for achieving the goal of gender equality in public policy.
2. The 2012 Twelfth Five-Year Plan introduced the Gender Responsive Budgeting Index to rank states based on their annual expenditure, which serves as the primary metric for the devolution of central tax resources.
3. The 2018 Public Financial Management System (PFMS) update allows for the automated tagging of all public expenditure items, which currently provides real-time data on the gender-specific impact of rural electrification projects.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the 1995 Beijing Declaration formally established gender budgeting as a global strategy for mainstreaming gender perspectives in fiscal policy. Statement 2 is incorrect because no 'Gender Responsive Budgeting Index' exists for the devolution of central tax resources, as tax devolution is determined by Finance Commission criteria, not gender-specific spending metrics. Statement 3 is incorrect because while PFMS tracks financial flows, it lacks the granular, qualitative data required to measure the specific gendered impact of rural electrification projects in real-time.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting as a tool for Sustainable Development Goal 5:
1. The UN Women's 2015 report on Financing for Development links gender budgeting to the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, which established the Global Gender Equality Fund as a primary financing mechanism.
2. The Ministry of Finance in India introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget of 2005-06 to track public expenditure for women's development.
3. The 2011 OECD report on Gender Equality in Public Financial Management identifies the 1979 CEDAW convention as the legal basis for the mandatory submission of gender-disaggregated audit reports by G20 nations.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the Ministry of Finance introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the 2005-06 Union Budget to analyze the gender-differential impact of public expenditure. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Addis Ababa Action Agenda does not establish a 'Global Gender Equality Fund' as a primary financing mechanism. Statement 3 is incorrect because while CEDAW (1979) promotes gender equality, it does not mandate G20 nations to submit gender-disaggregated audit reports, nor is there any such universal OECD-mandated legal requirement.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting in State-level fiscal planning:
1. The Gender Budgeting Statement is a mandatory annexure under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act of 2003, which applies to both the Union and state-level fiscal reporting.
2. The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, adopted in 2001, established the Gender Budgeting Bureau under the NITI Aayog to oversee the implementation of state-level fiscal audits.
3. The 12th Finance Commission introduced the Gender Budgeting framework in 2005, which linked the release of state-specific grants to the achievement of measurable gender-parity indices.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the FRBM Act does not mandate a Gender Budgeting Statement; it is a policy initiative introduced by the Ministry of Finance in 2005-06, not a statutory requirement. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Gender Budgeting Bureau functions under the Ministry of Women and Child Development, not NITI Aayog, and it does not conduct state-level fiscal audits. Statement 3 is incorrect because the 12th Finance Commission did not introduce this framework; Gender Budgeting was adopted by the Union Government in 2005, and there is no provision linking state-specific grants to gender-parity indices under the Finance Commission's mandate.
Consider the following statements regarding Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks for gender outcomes:
1. The Union Budget 2005-06 introduced the Gender Budget Statement, which functions as a legal audit mechanism under the Comptroller and Auditor General of India to verify gender-specific expenditure.
2. The Ministry of Finance in India introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget 2005-06 to track the flow of public expenditure towards women-specific schemes.
3. The 1995 Beijing Platform for Action established the Gender Budgeting Secretariat within the IMF, which provides technical assistance to developing nations for tracking fiscal gender outcomes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the Ministry of Finance introduced the Gender Budget Statement in 2005-06 to report on the flow of funds to women-centric schemes. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gender Budget Statement is a reporting mechanism for fiscal transparency, not a legal audit tool under the CAG. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Beijing Platform for Action (1995) was a global commitment by UN member states to promote gender equality, not an IMF-led initiative to establish a Gender Budgeting Secretariat.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting in Panchayati Raj Institutions:
1. The 2015 NITI Aayog framework for local governance provides for the direct allocation of 33 percent of total state-level gender budget funds to the District Planning Committees.
2. The 2005 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act includes provisions for the establishment of a Gender Audit Committee at the Block level to oversee the distribution of wages.
3. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 introduced the Gender Budgeting Statement as a mandatory annexure for all Gram Panchayat annual financial reports.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
None of the statements are correct because the 2015 NITI Aayog framework does not mandate a 33 percent transfer of state gender funds to District Planning Committees, nor does the 2005 MGNREGA Act establish block-level Gender Audit Committees. Furthermore, the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 focuses on democratic decentralization and reservation of seats, whereas the Gender Budgeting Statement was introduced by the Union Ministry of Finance in 2005-06 as a fiscal tool, not a constitutional mandate for Gram Panchayats.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting in State-level fiscal planning:
1. As of the 2022-23 fiscal year, 27 states and Union Territories in India have adopted the practice of presenting a Gender Budget Statement as part of their annual budget documents.
2. The Ministry of Finance issued the first set of formal guidelines for Gender Budgeting in 2007, which encouraged state governments to establish Gender Budget Cells within their respective departments.
3. The Gender Budgeting framework in India draws its methodology from the 1995 Beijing Declaration, which established the Global Gender Budgeting Index used by the Reserve Bank of India to rank state fiscal performance.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as 27 States/UTs have institutionalized Gender Budgeting to track gender-responsive allocations. Statement 2 is correct because the Ministry of Finance issued the 2007 guidelines mandating the creation of Gender Budget Cells in various ministries and departments to mainstream gender perspectives. Statement 3 is incorrect because while India aligns with the 1995 Beijing Declaration, there is no such 'Global Gender Budgeting Index' used by the RBI to rank states, making the claim factually baseless.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting in Panchayati Raj Institutions:
1. The 14th Finance Commission grants provided to Gram Panchayats include a component for the preparation of Gram Panchayat Development Plans that incorporate gender-specific indicators.
2. Article 243G of the Constitution empowers Panchayati Raj Institutions to prepare plans for economic development, which serves as a primary vehicle for gender-responsive budgeting.
3. The Ministry of Women and Child Development issued guidelines in 2007 for the implementation of gender budgeting at the Gram Panchayat level.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the 14th Finance Commission mandates that Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDP) must be inclusive, specifically integrating gender-sensitive planning to ensure equitable resource allocation. Statement 2 is correct because Article 243G empowers PRIs to prepare plans for economic development and social justice, providing the constitutional mandate for gender-responsive budgeting at the grassroots level. Statement 3 is correct as the Ministry of Women and Child Development introduced these guidelines in 2007 to institutionalize gender budgeting across all levels of governance, including the Panchayati Raj Institutions.
Consider the following statements regarding Integration of Gender Budgeting in Outcome-Based Budgeting:
1. In 2013, the Ministry of Finance issued guidelines for Outcome-Based Budgeting, which incorporate gender-disaggregated data to evaluate the impact of public expenditure on women.
2. The 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) emphasized the institutionalization of Gender Budgeting by suggesting that departments quantify the gender-responsive outcomes of their flagship development schemes.
3. The Gender Budgeting Statement was first integrated into the Outcome Budget framework during the 1991 economic reforms to ensure that fiscal consolidation targets included specific gender-parity indicators.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Finance issued guidelines in 2013 mandating the integration of gender-disaggregated data into Outcome-Based Budgeting to assess policy impacts. Statement 2 is correct because the 12th Five Year Plan explicitly advocated for the institutionalization of gender budgeting by requiring ministries to define and quantify gender-responsive outcomes for their flagship schemes. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Statement was first introduced in the Union Budget of 2005-06, not during the 1991 economic reforms.
Consider the following statements regarding Institutional mechanism of Gender Budgeting Cells (GBCs):
1. As of the 2023-24 Union Budget, more than 100 ministries and departments have constituted Gender Budgeting Cells to track gender-specific allocations.
2. The primary objective of a Gender Budgeting Cell is to act as a focal point for coordinating the gender-responsive planning and budgeting process within its respective administrative ministry.
3. The Ministry of Finance issued the first formal guidelines for the establishment of Gender Budgeting Cells in various ministries and departments in 2007.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Women and Child Development reports that over 100 ministries and departments have established GBCs to monitor gender-responsive allocations. Statement 2 is correct because GBCs serve as the nodal agency for integrating gender perspectives into the planning, budgeting, and monitoring processes of their respective ministries. Statement 3 is correct as the Ministry of Finance issued the initial formal guidelines in 2007, mandating all ministries to set up these cells to ensure effective implementation of gender budgeting.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-sensitive Public Financial Management (PFM):
1. The OECD framework for gender-responsive public financial management categorizes gender budgeting tools into ex-ante impact assessments, gender-disaggregated expenditure tracking, and ex-post performance audits.
2. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted in 1995 explicitly identifies gender-responsive budgeting as a mechanism to ensure adequate resource allocation for gender equality.
3. In India, the Ministry of Finance introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget 2005-06 to track public expenditure aimed at addressing gender-specific needs.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the OECD framework systematically classifies gender budgeting tools into these three phases to ensure accountability throughout the fiscal cycle. Statement 2 is correct because the 1995 Beijing Declaration mandated that governments integrate gender perspectives into all budgetary processes to ensure equitable resource distribution. Statement 3 is correct as the Government of India officially launched the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) in the 2005-06 Union Budget to highlight the magnitude of budgetary allocations specifically benefiting women.
Consider the following statements regarding Tracking of gender-specific allocations in Outcome Budgets:
1. The Ministry of Finance introduced the Gender Budget Statement in the Union Budget of 2005-06 to track public expenditure through a gender lens.
2. The Gender Budgeting Cell was established under the 1991 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women to oversee the integration of gender-responsive auditing in the annual fiscal deficit reports.
3. The 2001 Report of the Expert Group on Gender Budgeting introduced the Gender-Responsive Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act to monitor the gender-gap index in central government hiring.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Gender Budget Statement was indeed introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget to track allocations for women-centric schemes. Statement 2 is incorrect because Gender Budgeting Cells were mandated by the Ministry of Finance in 2004-05, not the 1991 Policy, and they focus on departmental planning rather than fiscal deficit reports. Statement 3 is incorrect as there is no such 'Gender-Responsive Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act'; the government uses the Gender Budget Statement as a tool for fiscal accountability, not for monitoring hiring gaps.
Consider the following statements regarding Mainstreaming gender in fiscal policy frameworks:
1. The 1995 Beijing Platform for Action introduced the Gender Budget Statement as a mandatory reporting requirement for all G20 nations, leading to the adoption of the first gender-responsive fiscal policy in India during the 1998 fiscal year.
2. The Gender Budgeting Secretariat under the Ministry of Finance was established in 2004, which functions as the primary body for auditing the gender-disaggregated data of state-level welfare schemes under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act.
3. The IMF’s 2017 Fiscal Monitor report suggests that gender-responsive budgeting is primarily a tool for revenue mobilization, and it recommends that developing economies implement a flat-rate gender tax credit to reduce the fiscal deficit.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Beijing Platform for Action did not mandate Gender Budget Statements for G20 nations, and India introduced its first Gender Budget Statement only in the 2005-06 Union Budget, not 1998. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Gender Budgeting Secretariat, established in 2004-05 under the Ministry of Finance, focuses on mainstreaming gender in the Union Budget rather than auditing state-level schemes under the 73rd Amendment. Statement 3 is incorrect because the IMF views gender-responsive budgeting as a tool for promoting gender equality and inclusive growth, not as a mechanism for revenue mobilization through flat-rate gender tax credits.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting and the '3R' Framework (Resource, Responsibility, Rights):
1. The 3R framework originated from the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and focuses on the redistribution of state assets to private enterprises.
2. The UN Women's 2015 Sustainable Development Goal 5.c indicator tracks the proportion of countries with systems to monitor public resource allocation, specifically citing the 3R framework as the only approved methodology.
3. The 3R framework for gender budgeting, developed by Diane Elson, categorizes public expenditure into resource allocation, responsibility for care work, and the realization of rights.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct because Diane Elson's 3R framework (Representation, Resource allocation, and Responsibility for care work) is a foundational tool for analyzing gender-responsive budgeting. Statement 1 is incorrect because the framework is not derived from CEDAW for asset redistribution, but rather focuses on integrating gender equality into fiscal policy. Statement 2 is incorrect because while SDG indicator 5.c.1 tracks systems for gender-responsive budgeting, the UN does not mandate the 3R framework as the exclusive or only approved methodology for compliance.
Consider the following statements regarding Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) for gender equity:
1. Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) in India was formally initiated in 2005-06 with the establishment of a Gender Budgeting Cell within the Ministry of Finance.
2. The 2001 World Bank Public Expenditure Review in Tanzania introduced the first gender-disaggregated PETS, which led to the immediate creation of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment.
3. The Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) methodology was first piloted by the World Bank in Uganda during 1996 to identify leakages in primary education funding.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Union Budget 2005-06 formally introduced the Gender Budget Statement, supported by the Ministry of Finance's Gender Budgeting Cell. Statement 3 is correct because the World Bank pioneered PETS in Uganda in 1996 to trace the flow of primary education grants and identify systemic leakages. Statement 2 is incorrect because, while the 2001 Tanzania Public Expenditure Review was a landmark study on gender-disaggregated public spending, it did not lead to the immediate creation of a Ministry of Women's Empowerment.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Impact Assessment (GIA) of flagship welfare schemes:
1. The 15th Finance Commission report includes a dedicated section on gender-responsive budgeting, suggesting that states link their gender budget outcomes to performance-based grants.
2. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, adopted in 1995, encourages member states to incorporate a gender perspective into the design and implementation of fiscal policies.
3. The Gender Budgeting Framework in India classifies schemes into Part A, which includes schemes with 100% women-specific allocations, and Part B, which includes schemes with at least 30% women-specific allocations.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the 15th Finance Commission emphasized gender-responsive budgeting to ensure equitable resource allocation. Statement 2 is correct because the 1995 Beijing Declaration mandates the integration of gender perspectives into all fiscal and economic policies. Statement 3 is correct as the Ministry of Finance classifies schemes into Part A (100% women-beneficiary schemes) and Part B (schemes with at least 30% allocation for women) to track gender-responsive expenditure.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-Disaggregated Data collection methodologies:
1. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes Target 17.18, which calls for increased availability of high-quality, timely, and reliable data disaggregated by gender and other characteristics.
2. The OECD's 2018 toolkit on gender budgeting identifies the integration of gender-disaggregated data into the medium-term expenditure framework as a key indicator of institutional maturity.
3. The 2017 G20 Hamburg Update on Gender Budgeting refers to the adoption of a standardized global methodology for time-use surveys that member nations utilize for their annual fiscal reports.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as SDG Target 17.18 explicitly mandates the disaggregation of data by gender, age, race, and other characteristics to ensure no one is left behind. Statement 2 is correct because the OECD's 2018 toolkit emphasizes that incorporating gender-disaggregated data into Medium-Term Expenditure Frameworks (MTEFs) is essential for tracking gender-responsive fiscal outcomes and institutionalizing gender budgeting. Statement 3 is incorrect because, while the G20 promotes gender equality, there is no such '2017 G20 Hamburg Update' that mandates a standardized global methodology for time-use surveys in annual fiscal reports; time-use data collection remains largely at the discretion of national statistical offices.
Consider the following statements regarding Integration of Gender Budgeting in Outcome-Based Budgeting:
1. The Outcome Budgeting framework, adopted in 2005, incorporates the Gender Budgeting Statement as a mandatory annexure for all state-level fiscal policies under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act of 2003.
2. The 2005-06 Union Budget introduced the Gender Budgeting Statement, which functions under the oversight of the NITI Aayog to monitor the utilization of funds allocated for the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao initiative.
3. The Ministry of Finance established the Gender Budgeting Cells in 2007 to oversee the implementation of the Gender Budgeting Statement, which replaced the previous Performance Budgeting system used since the 1970s.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gender Budgeting Statement is not a mandatory annexure for state-level fiscal policies under the FRBM Act. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Gender Budgeting Statement is managed by the Ministry of Finance's Department of Economic Affairs, not NITI Aayog, and it covers a broad range of schemes rather than just Beti Bachao Beti Padhao. Statement 3 is incorrect because Gender Budgeting Cells were mandated by the Ministry of Finance in 2004-05, not 2007, and while Outcome Budgeting replaced Performance Budgeting, the Gender Budgeting Statement is a distinct tool integrated within the budget process, not a replacement for the entire Performance Budgeting system.
Consider the following statements regarding Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks for gender outcomes:
1. The 2015 Sustainable Development Goal 5.c includes the indicator 5.c.1, which measures the proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality.
2. In India, the Outcome Budget document introduced in 2006-07 serves as a monitoring tool to link financial outlays with measurable gender-disaggregated physical outputs.
3. The OECD 'Gender Equality in Public Policy' framework suggests that the use of gender-disaggregated data is a prerequisite for effective monitoring of fiscal policy impacts on different demographic groups.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as SDG indicator 5.c.1 specifically tracks the adoption and implementation of systems to track and report public allocations for gender equality. Statement 2 is correct because the Outcome Budget, introduced in 2006-07, mandates that ministries define measurable outputs and outcomes, including gender-disaggregated data, to ensure fiscal accountability. Statement 3 is correct as the OECD framework emphasizes that without gender-disaggregated data, it is impossible to evaluate how fiscal policies differentially affect men and women, making such data a fundamental prerequisite for gender-responsive budgeting.
Consider the following statements regarding Tracking of gender-specific allocations in Outcome Budgets:
1. The 2015-16 Union Budget expanded the scope of gender budgeting by encouraging state governments to adopt gender-responsive budgeting frameworks in their fiscal planning.
2. Part A of the Gender Budget Statement includes schemes where 100 percent of the budgetary provisions are earmarked for women-specific programs.
3. The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) facilitates the real-time tracking of gender-specific expenditures for central sector schemes across diverse administrative units.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Finance actively promoted gender budgeting at the state level starting around 2015-16 to institutionalize gender-responsive fiscal planning. Statement 2 is correct because the Gender Budget Statement is divided into Part A, which contains schemes with 100% allocation for women, and Part B, which includes schemes with at least 30% allocation for women. Statement 3 is correct because the PFMS provides a robust digital infrastructure that enables the government to monitor and track the utilization of funds, including gender-specific allocations, in real-time across various central schemes.
Consider the following statements regarding Inter-sectoral convergence in Gender Budgeting:
1. The 2012 Justice Verma Committee report recommended the creation of the Gender Budgeting Audit Authority, which currently oversees the inter-sectoral convergence of funds between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
2. The Ministry of Women and Child Development functions as the nodal agency for gender budgeting, coordinating with the Ministry of Finance to monitor the Statement 13 allocations.
3. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) includes a provision that requires the automatic integration of gender-disaggregated data into the annual Union Budget documents.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct because the Ministry of Women and Child Development acts as the nodal agency, collaborating with the Ministry of Finance to track 'Statement 13' in the Union Budget, which reflects gender-responsive allocations. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Justice Verma Committee (2013) focused on legal reforms regarding crimes against women and did not recommend a 'Gender Budgeting Audit Authority.' Statement 3 is incorrect because while CEDAW mandates the elimination of discrimination, it does not contain specific provisions requiring the automatic integration of gender-disaggregated data into national budget documents.
Consider the following statements regarding Inter-sectoral convergence in Gender Budgeting:
1. The 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women serves as the governing document for the Ministry of Finance to reallocate 30 percent of all departmental budgets toward gender-specific outcomes.
2. The Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) was introduced in the Union Budget of 2005-06 as a fiscal innovation to track gender-specific allocations across various ministries.
3. The Gender Budgeting Cell was established under the 1993 Beijing Platform for Action, which provided the primary legal framework for the 2005 introduction of the Gender Budgeting Statement in India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct because the Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) was indeed introduced in the Union Budget 2005-06 to monitor gender-responsive allocations. Statement 1 is incorrect as there is no mandate requiring a 30 percent reallocation of departmental budgets; gender budgeting in India is a tool for mainstreaming, not a fixed-percentage quota. Statement 3 is incorrect because while the Beijing Platform for Action (1995) influenced global gender budgeting, the Gender Budgeting Cells were established by the Ministry of Finance in 2004-05 as an administrative mechanism, not as a direct legal mandate from a 1993 document.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-responsive tax policy analysis:
1. The 1991 Tax Reform Committee headed by Raja Chelliah proposed the introduction of a separate gender-based income tax slab to enhance female workforce participation in the formal sector.
2. The 2019 World Bank Gender Data Portal indicates that the adoption of individual-based taxation systems in G20 nations correlates with a 15% increase in female entrepreneurship since 2000.
3. The OECD 2015 Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life identifies tax-benefit systems as primary instruments for influencing household labor supply decisions.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct because the 2015 OECD Recommendation explicitly highlights how tax-benefit systems shape labor supply by altering the net income of secondary earners, typically women. Statement 1 is incorrect as the 1991 Raja Chelliah Committee focused on simplifying the tax structure and broadening the base rather than proposing gender-specific tax slabs. Statement 2 is incorrect because, while individual taxation is often advocated for gender neutrality, there is no such specific 2019 World Bank data point correlating it to a 15% increase in female entrepreneurship.
Consider the following statements regarding Challenges in quantifying gender-specific benefits in public goods:
1. The 2001 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women established the Gender Budgeting Cell within the NITI Aayog to oversee the implementation of gender-responsive fiscal policies across all state governments.
2. The 2005-06 Union Budget of India introduced the Gender Budget Statement, which categorizes expenditures into Part A for schemes with 100% women-specific allocations and Part B for schemes with at least 30% women-focused funding.
3. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) includes a specific annex that provides for the mandatory calculation of gender-neutral public goods in national GDP statistics.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) was introduced in the 2005-06 Union Budget, classifying expenditures into Part A (100% women-specific) and Part B (at least 30% women-focused). Statement 1 is incorrect because Gender Budgeting Cells were mandated by the Ministry of Finance, not NITI Aayog, and they operate across various Union Ministries rather than overseeing state governments. Statement 3 is incorrect because CEDAW is a human rights treaty that does not contain any annexes or provisions mandating the calculation of gender-neutral public goods in national GDP statistics.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender Budgeting as a tool for Sustainable Development Goal 5:
1. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted in 1995 identified the integration of a gender perspective into all budgetary processes as a critical strategy for empowerment.
2. The National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) provides technical support to various Indian state governments for the implementation of gender-responsive budgeting frameworks.
3. Sustainable Development Goal 5 target 5.c encourages the adoption and strengthening of sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the 1995 Beijing Declaration explicitly mandated integrating gender perspectives into all budgetary processes to ensure resource allocation reflects gender equality commitments. Statement 2 is correct because the NIPFP has historically partnered with the Ministry of Finance and various state governments to develop gender-responsive budgeting tools and analytical frameworks. Statement 3 is correct as SDG 5.c specifically focuses on adopting and strengthening sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels.