Consider the following statements regarding Convergence of e-Shram with Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY):
1. The ABRY scheme provides for a two-year subsidy period for establishments, and the convergence with e-Shram allows for the retroactive inclusion of workers who registered on the portal prior to the scheme's inception in 2020.
2. The e-Shram portal includes provisions for the ABRY incentive tracking, where the Ministry of Labour and Employment acts as the primary disbursing agency for the employer's share of the provident fund contribution.
3. The Ministry of Labour and Employment facilitates the mapping of e-Shram portal data with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY) database to identify eligible informal workers for formal sector employment incentives.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the e-Shram portal data is integrated with the ABRY database to facilitate the transition of informal workers into formal employment by identifying eligible beneficiaries. Statement 1 is incorrect because ABRY was launched in October 2020 to incentivize new employment during the pandemic, and it does not allow for the retroactive inclusion of workers registered before the scheme's inception. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), not the Ministry of Labour and Employment, acts as the primary agency for disbursing the government's contribution toward the provident fund under ABRY.
Consider the following statements regarding Institutional framework of the National Social Security Board for Unorganized Workers:
1. The National Social Security Board for Unorganized Workers was constituted under Section 5 of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008.
2. The National Social Security Board is chaired by the Secretary of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, and it holds quarterly meetings to review the implementation of the 2008 Act.
3. The Union Minister for Labour and Employment serves as the ex-officio Chairperson of the National Social Security Board.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the National Social Security Board was established under Section 5 of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, to recommend suitable welfare schemes for unorganized workers. Statement 3 is correct because the Union Minister for Labour and Employment serves as the ex-officio Chairperson of the Board. Statement 2 is incorrect because, while the Board advises the government, the Act does not mandate quarterly meetings; furthermore, the Chairperson is the Union Minister, not the Secretary of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
Consider the following statements regarding Definition and classification of unorganized sector workers under Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008:
1. Agricultural labourers are classified as unorganized workers under the 2008 Act, and their registration on e-Shram is facilitated by the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
2. The National Social Security Board, established under Section 5 of the 2008 Act, functions under the Ministry of Rural Development to oversee the implementation of the e-Shram portal.
3. The 2008 Act provides for the creation of a National Fund for Unorganized Workers, which is managed by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation to distribute direct cash transfers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because the e-Shram portal is managed by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Department of Agriculture or the Ministry of Rural Development. The National Social Security Board is chaired by the Union Minister for Labour and Employment to advise the government on welfare schemes, rather than overseeing e-Shram. Furthermore, the 2008 Act does not mandate the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation to manage a National Fund for direct cash transfers, as the Act focuses on formulating social security schemes for life, disability, health, and maternity benefits.
Consider the following statements regarding Inter-operability between e-Shram and Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY):
1. The e-Shram portal utilizes the Aadhaar-based authentication process to ensure the uniqueness of the records of registered unorganized workers.
2. The National Health Authority (NHA) oversees the implementation of AB-PMJAY and manages the IT infrastructure that interfaces with the e-Shram database.
3. The interoperability between e-Shram and AB-PMJAY allows for the auto-population of demographic data, facilitating the identification of eligible beneficiaries for health coverage.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: The e-Shram portal, launched in 2021 by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, uses Aadhaar-based authentication to prevent duplicate registrations. The National Health Authority (NHA) is the apex body responsible for implementing AB-PMJAY and has integrated its IT systems with e-Shram to enable seamless data exchange. This interoperability allows the system to auto-populate demographic details from the e-Shram database, significantly streamlining the identification and verification process for eligible unorganized workers to avail of health coverage under AB-PMJAY.
Consider the following statements regarding Challenges in real-time data updation and verification of e-Shram profiles:
1. As of mid-2024, the e-Shram portal has registered over 300 million workers, yet the lack of real-time linkage with the Aadhar-based demographic data often leads to discrepancies in occupational details.
2. The e-Shram portal utilizes the UMANG mobile application for the primary authentication of users, and it currently provides for direct biometric verification of agricultural laborers through the PM-KISAN database.
3. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the portal faces challenges in mapping the highly dynamic nature of unorganized employment to static Aadhar demographic data, leading to occupational mismatches. Statement 3 is correct because the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on August 26, 2021, to build a centralized database for social security delivery. Statement 2 is incorrect because the portal uses the e-Shram mobile app or web portal for authentication via OTP/biometrics linked to Aadhar, not the UMANG app, and it does not provide direct biometric verification through the PM-KISAN database.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of e-Shram in Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) and last-mile delivery of welfare schemes:
1. The e-Shram portal is integrated with the National Career Service (NCS) portal to provide job opportunities and apprenticeship training to registered workers.
2. The e-Shram portal functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Rural Development, and it provides for the direct disbursement of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) wages into the linked bank accounts of workers.
3. Workers registered on the e-Shram portal are eligible for an accidental insurance cover of Rs 2 lakh under the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY).
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal is integrated with the NCS portal to facilitate job matching and skill development for unorganized workers. Statement 3 is correct because registered workers are automatically covered under the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), providing Rs 2 lakh for accidental death or permanent disability. Statement 2 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Rural Development, and it is not the primary platform for disbursing MGNREGA wages.
Consider the following statements regarding Social security coverage gaps for migrant workers identified via e-Shram data:
1. Data from the e-Shram portal indicates that a significant majority of registered migrant workers belong to the construction, agriculture, and domestic work sectors.
2. The e-Shram registration process is linked to the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) database, which allows for the immediate conversion of unorganized sector workers into formal sector employees.
3. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, aims to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as e-Shram data consistently shows that the majority of registrants are concentrated in construction, agriculture, and domestic work, which constitute the largest segments of India's unorganized workforce. Statement 3 is correct because the portal was launched on August 26, 2021, by the Ministry of Labour and Employment specifically to create a centralized database for targeted delivery of welfare schemes. Statement 2 is incorrect because e-Shram is strictly for unorganized workers and is not linked to the EPFO database for formalization; in fact, individuals already covered by EPFO or ESIC are ineligible for e-Shram registration.
Consider the following statements regarding Definition and classification of unorganized sector workers under Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008:
1. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment in August 2021, serves as a national database for unorganized workers.
2. Section 2(m) of the 2008 Act defines an unorganized worker as a home-based worker, self-employed worker, or a wage worker in the unorganized sector.
3. The Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act was enacted in 2008 to provide for social security and welfare of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: The e-Shram portal was launched in August 2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers, facilitating the delivery of welfare schemes. Section 2(m) of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, explicitly defines an unorganized worker as a home-based worker, self-employed worker, or a wage worker in the unorganized sector. Furthermore, the 2008 Act was specifically enacted to provide for the social security and welfare of these workers by mandating the formulation of suitable welfare schemes by the Central and State governments.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of e-Shram in Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) and last-mile delivery of welfare schemes:
1. The e-Shram portal assigns a unique 12-digit Universal Account Number (UAN) to every registered worker, which remains valid across the country.
2. Registration on the e-Shram portal is based on the Aadhaar-seeded mobile number, which facilitates the verification of worker identity through the UIDAI database.
3. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, provides a unique 12-digit Universal Account Number (UAN) to unorganized workers, ensuring nationwide portability for social security benefits. Registration is strictly Aadhaar-authenticated via OTP or biometric verification linked to the UIDAI database, which ensures the integrity of the national database and facilitates seamless Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to the worker's bank account.
Consider the following statements regarding Analysis of National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) for evidence-based policy formulation:
1. The National Database of Unorganized Workers functions under the administrative control of the NITI Aayog, which coordinates with state governments to provide direct cash transfers to registered laborers.
2. The e-Shram portal incorporates the data from the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 to identify eligible beneficiaries for the distribution of food grains under the National Food Security Act.
3. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on August 26, 2021, to create a centralized database for unorganized workers. Statement 1 is incorrect because the portal is under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not NITI Aayog, and its primary purpose is database creation rather than direct cash transfers. Statement 2 is incorrect because e-Shram is an independent database for unorganized workers and does not utilize the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011 data for NFSA beneficiary identification.
Consider the following statements regarding Integration of e-Shram portal with National Career Service (NCS) and UMANG platforms:
1. Under the 2022 memorandum between the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the e-Shram database serves as the primary verification source for the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission.
2. The UMANG platform integrates the e-Shram portal with the Public Distribution System (PDS) to provide for the direct transfer of food subsidies to the bank accounts of migrant workers.
3. The National Career Service portal, established under the 2015 Skill India Mission, provides for the automatic enrollment of all e-Shram registrants into the Employees' Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) schemes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because the e-Shram portal is primarily integrated with the National Career Service (NCS) to facilitate job matching for unorganized workers, not for the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission or PDS subsidy transfers. Statement 2 is false as e-Shram does not manage PDS subsidies, and Statement 3 is incorrect because registration on e-Shram does not grant automatic enrollment into EPFO schemes, which are governed by the EPF & MP Act, 1952. The NCS portal itself was launched in 2015 as a project under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, but it functions as a job portal rather than an automatic social security enrollment mechanism.
Consider the following statements regarding Fiscal implications of universal social security coverage for e-Shram registrants:
1. The fiscal allocation for the e-Shram project is managed through the National Social Assistance Programme, which was restructured in 2014 to include direct benefit transfers for informal sector employees.
2. State governments utilize the e-Shram database to distribute universal pension benefits, a policy initiative introduced by the 15th Finance Commission to ensure fiscal federalism in social security.
3. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, serves as a comprehensive database for over 290 million unorganized workers in India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a national database for unorganized workers, which has since surpassed 290 million registrations. Statement 1 is incorrect because e-Shram is not managed through the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), which is a separate welfare scheme under the Ministry of Rural Development. Statement 2 is incorrect because the 15th Finance Commission did not introduce a policy for universal pension distribution via e-Shram; the portal primarily serves as a registry for service delivery and policy formulation rather than a direct fiscal disbursement mechanism for universal pensions.
Consider the following statements regarding e-Shram as a tool for skill mapping and labor market demand-supply matching:
1. The integration of the e-Shram portal with the National Career Service (NCS) portal allows registered workers to access job opportunities and skill development training programs.
2. As of early 2024, the e-Shram portal has facilitated the registration of over 29 crore unorganized workers across various sectors including construction, agriculture, and domestic work.
3. The e-Shram database utilizes the National Classification of Occupations (NCO) codes to categorize workers based on their specific skill sets and industrial roles.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: the integration with the National Career Service (NCS) portal enables seamless access to employment and skilling opportunities, while the database has successfully registered over 29 crore workers as of early 2024 to provide a comprehensive social security net. Furthermore, the portal utilizes the National Classification of Occupations (NCO) codes to standardize the categorization of unorganized workers, which is essential for effective skill mapping and aligning labor supply with market demand.
Consider the following statements regarding Impact of e-Shram on the formalization of the gig and platform economy:
1. The e-Shram portal was introduced under the Code on Social Security 2020 to provide mandatory pension benefits for gig workers, similar to the provisions under the Atal Pension Yojana.
2. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, aims to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
3. Registration on the e-Shram portal is facilitated through Aadhaar authentication, and workers are issued a Universal Account Number (UAN) card that remains valid across all states and union territories.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 2 and 3 are correct because the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on August 26, 2021, to create a centralized database of unorganized workers, utilizing Aadhaar-based authentication to issue a portable Universal Account Number (UAN) valid nationwide. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is a voluntary registration platform for social security delivery and does not mandate pension benefits under the Code on Social Security 2020, nor is it linked to the specific structure of the Atal Pension Yojana.
Consider the following statements regarding Impact of e-Shram on the formalization of the gig and platform economy:
1. The e-Shram database is designed to link with the National Career Service (NCS) portal to provide job opportunities and bridge the information gap for gig and platform workers.
2. As of early 2024, the e-Shram portal has recorded over 290 million registrations, providing a granular breakdown of the workforce by occupation, social category, and geographical location.
3. The e-Shram portal includes a specific occupational classification system based on the National Classification of Occupations (NCO-2015) to better identify workers in the platform economy.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: the e-Shram portal integrates with the National Career Service (NCS) to enhance employment accessibility for unorganized workers, and it has successfully registered over 290 million workers by early 2024, providing policymakers with vital granular data. Furthermore, the portal utilizes the National Classification of Occupations (NCO-2015) framework, which allows for the systematic identification and categorization of diverse roles within the gig and platform economy, facilitating targeted welfare delivery.
Consider the following statements regarding Convergence of e-Shram with Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY):
1. The convergence mechanism between e-Shram and ABRY allows for the automatic conversion of unorganized sector workers into formal employees by updating their occupational codes in the National Classification of Occupations database.
2. The ABRY framework is associated with the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan, and its integration with e-Shram enables the transfer of pension contributions for workers transitioning to formal employment.
3. The e-Shram portal refers to the ABRY as a core component of its social security architecture, providing for the extension of unemployment insurance benefits to workers who have been registered on the portal for more than twelve months.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because the e-Shram portal is primarily a comprehensive database for unorganized workers, whereas the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY) is a distinct employment incentive scheme implemented through the EPFO to encourage new formal hiring. There is no mechanism for the automatic conversion of occupational codes, nor is ABRY linked to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) pension scheme or the provision of unemployment insurance benefits. The primary purpose of integrating e-Shram with other portals is to facilitate the delivery of social security and welfare schemes, not to transform the legal status of workers or provide unemployment insurance as described.
Consider the following statements regarding Integration of e-Shram portal with National Career Service (NCS) and UMANG platforms:
1. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment in August 2021, has successfully registered over 29 crore unorganized workers across the country.
2. Integration of the e-Shram portal with the National Career Service (NCS) allows registered workers to access job opportunities and career counseling services through a single sign-on mechanism.
3. The e-Shram portal was launched in 2020 under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, and it currently shares real-time biometric data with the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) pension database.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal was launched in August 2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers, currently exceeding 29 crore registrations. Statement 2 is correct because the integration with the National Career Service (NCS) portal enables workers to search for jobs and access career counseling seamlessly using their e-Shram credentials. Statement 3 is incorrect because the portal was launched in 2021, not 2020, and it does not share biometric data with the PM-SYM database, as biometric data is stored securely and is not shared with other schemes.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of e-Shram in disaster management and emergency relief distribution:
1. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on 26 August 2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
2. The registration process on the e-Shram portal is governed by the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, which provides the legal framework for the mandatory enrollment of all migrant laborers.
3. The e-Shram portal functions under the administrative control of the National Disaster Management Authority, which utilizes the database to coordinate emergency relief distribution during floods and cyclones.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on 26 August 2021 to create a centralized database of unorganized workers. Statement 2 is incorrect because registration on the e-Shram portal is voluntary, not mandatory, and it is not governed by the 2008 Act. Statement 3 is incorrect because the portal functions under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the National Disaster Management Authority, although the data may be shared for welfare delivery.
Consider the following statements regarding Convergence of e-Shram with Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY):
1. The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana was launched in October 2020, and its administrative framework provides for the automatic enrollment of all e-Shram registrants into the Employees' Provident Fund Organization.
2. The Ministry of Finance oversees the e-Shram database, which provides for the verification of establishment-level data under the ABRY to ensure that new employees are not already covered by existing social security schemes.
3. Under the convergence guidelines, the e-Shram portal shares real-time biometric data with the ABRY portal to facilitate the direct transfer of wage subsidies to the bank accounts of informal workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All statements are incorrect because the ABRY is administered by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Finance, and it focuses on incentivizing employers to add new employees to the EPFO, rather than automatically enrolling all e-Shram registrants. Furthermore, the e-Shram portal is a database for unorganized workers and does not share real-time biometric data with the ABRY portal for wage subsidy transfers, as ABRY is specifically designed for formal sector employees registered under the Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act.
Consider the following statements regarding Impact of e-Shram on the formalization of the gig and platform economy:
1. The e-Shram initiative functions as a digital extension of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, which provides for the automatic enrollment of platform workers into the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation.
2. The portal allows for the direct transfer of monthly unemployment allowances to registered platform workers, a mechanism that was first piloted in the state of Kerala in 2022.
3. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology oversees the e-Shram portal, which provides for the issuance of digital labor contracts to gig workers to ensure compliance with the Minimum Wages Act of 1948.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because the e-Shram portal, managed by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, serves as a national database for unorganized workers rather than a platform for digital labor contracts or unemployment allowances. Statement 1 is false as e-Shram does not provide automatic enrollment into the EPFO, which is a statutory body for formal sector employees. Statement 2 is incorrect because the portal does not facilitate unemployment allowances, and Statement 3 is false as the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not MeitY, oversees the portal, which does not issue digital labor contracts.
Consider the following statements regarding Comparison of e-Shram with international labor database models for informal sector management:
1. The e-Shram portal incorporates the Direct Benefit Transfer framework established by the 2013 National Food Security Act to automate the disbursement of unemployment allowances to registered workers.
2. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, aims to create a centralized database of unorganized workers in India.
3. The Indian government modeled the e-Shram portal after the 2015 Social Security Act of South Africa, which provides for a universal digital identity card for all informal laborers in the manufacturing sector.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW). Statement 1 is incorrect because the portal is primarily for identification and service delivery, not for the automatic disbursement of unemployment allowances under the National Food Security Act. Statement 3 is incorrect because e-Shram is an indigenous initiative developed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and the Ministry of Labour and Employment, and it is not modeled after South Africa's 2015 Social Security Act.
Consider the following statements regarding Portability of social security benefits through Universal Account Number (UAN) mapping:
1. The Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan scheme utilizes the e-Shram database to automate the monthly contribution process for workers earning above fifteen thousand rupees per month.
2. The e-Shram portal functions under the administrative control of the Employees' Provident Fund Organization, which manages the portability of pension benefits for workers in the unorganized sector.
3. The National Database of Unorganized Workers includes provisions for linking Aadhaar-seeded bank accounts to the e-Shram portal to facilitate direct benefit transfers under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) is exclusively for workers earning Rs 15,000 or less per month, not above. Statement 2 is incorrect as the e-Shram portal is under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the EPFO, which manages formal sector provident funds. Statement 3 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is designed for unorganized workers, whereas MGNREGA operates under the Ministry of Rural Development with its own separate database and payment systems.
Consider the following statements regarding Challenges in real-time data updation and verification of e-Shram profiles:
1. The e-Shram registration process is linked to the Shram Suvidha Portal, and it allows for the real-time updation of migrant worker locations by tracking the cellular network tower connectivity of the registered mobile number.
2. The e-Shram portal utilizes the Application Programming Interface (API) framework to facilitate data exchange with the Public Distribution System (PDS) for verifying the socio-economic status of registrants.
3. Data verification challenges in e-Shram arise partly because the self-declaration model lacks a secondary validation layer for workers in the informal sector who frequently migrate between states.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because e-Shram is not linked to the Shram Suvidha Portal for location tracking, and it does not utilize cellular network tower connectivity for real-time migrant tracking due to privacy and technical limitations. Statement 2 is correct as the portal uses APIs to integrate with various databases, including the PDS (via the One Nation One Ration Card system), to verify socio-economic details. Statement 3 is correct because the self-declaration model relies on user-provided information, creating verification gaps for highly mobile informal workers who lack formal employment records or fixed addresses.
Consider the following statements regarding Institutional framework of the National Social Security Board for Unorganized Workers:
1. The e-Shram portal integrates data from the Aadhar database and the Employees' Provident Fund Organization to provide universal pension coverage for all registered informal sector employees.
2. The 2008 Act provides for the establishment of State Social Security Boards, which operate under the direct financial supervision of the National Board to ensure uniform welfare distribution.
3. The Board is composed of seven members representing unorganized workers and seven members representing employers of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008 mandates the National Social Security Board to include seven members each from the categories of unorganised workers and their employers. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is a database for social security schemes and does not integrate with EPFO to provide universal pension coverage. Statement 2 is incorrect because while the Act provides for State Social Security Boards, they are constituted by the respective State Governments and operate independently of the National Board's direct financial supervision.
Consider the following statements regarding Inter-operability between e-Shram and Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY):
1. As of mid-2024, the e-Shram portal has successfully registered over 300 million unorganized workers across various occupational categories.
2. The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) provides a health cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
3. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal has surpassed the 300 million registration milestone for unorganized workers by mid-2024. Statement 2 is correct because AB-PMJAY offers a health cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family annually for secondary and tertiary care. Statement 3 is correct as the Ministry of Labour and Employment officially launched the e-Shram portal on August 26, 2021, to establish a centralized database for social security delivery, making all three statements accurate.
Consider the following statements regarding Analysis of National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) for evidence-based policy formulation:
1. The Ministry of Rural Development manages the e-Shram platform to streamline the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act across all districts.
2. The e-Shram database is integrated with the Employees' Provident Fund Organization portal to facilitate the automatic transfer of pension benefits to workers in the unorganized sector.
3. The registration process on the e-Shram portal allows workers to update their employment history annually, which is then used by the Ministry of Finance to calculate the national unemployment rate.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
The e-Shram portal is managed by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Rural Development, and it is not integrated with the EPFO for automatic pension transfers as EPFO primarily covers the organized sector. Furthermore, the e-Shram database is not the official source for calculating the national unemployment rate, which is derived from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO). Consequently, all three statements are incorrect as they misattribute the portal's administrative control, functional scope, and its role in national economic statistics.
Consider the following statements regarding Fiscal implications of universal social security coverage for e-Shram registrants:
1. The Atal Pension Yojana provides a guaranteed monthly pension to e-Shram registrants upon reaching age 60, with the central government co-contributing 50 percent of the premium for those joining before the 2019 cutoff.
2. Integration of the e-Shram portal with the Employees' Provident Fund Organization allows for the automatic conversion of informal workers into formal contributors under the 1952 EPF Act provisions.
3. The Ministry of Finance maintains a dedicated contingency fund for e-Shram, which was established following the recommendations of the 2020 Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour to provide unemployment allowances.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Atal Pension Yojana co-contribution scheme was limited to those who joined between June 2015 and March 2016, not 2019. Statement 2 is incorrect as the e-Shram portal is a database for unorganized workers and does not automatically convert them into formal EPF contributors, which requires formal employment contracts. Statement 3 is incorrect because there is no dedicated contingency fund for unemployment allowances under e-Shram, as the portal is primarily designed for the delivery of social security schemes and disaster relief, not unemployment benefits.
Consider the following statements regarding Portability of social security benefits through Universal Account Number (UAN) mapping:
1. The e-Shram platform encompasses a digital interface for the Atal Pension Yojana, allowing workers to shift their retirement savings accounts between different banking institutions using their UAN.
2. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on 26 August 2021, assigns a unique 12-digit Universal Account Number to registered unorganized workers.
3. The portability of benefits through the Universal Account Number is governed by the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, which provides for the automatic registration of all construction workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on 26 August 2021 to provide a 12-digit UAN to unorganized workers. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is primarily a database for social security delivery and does not facilitate the shifting of Atal Pension Yojana accounts between banks. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, does not mandate automatic registration for construction workers, nor does it govern the digital portability mechanism of the e-Shram UAN.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-disaggregated analysis of e-Shram registration and labor force participation:
1. Under the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, the e-Shram portal serves as the primary mechanism for determining the national minimum wage for domestic workers.
2. The e-Shram registration process includes a mandatory biometric verification at local Common Service Centres, which has contributed to the 60 percent female participation rate observed in the 2021-22 fiscal year.
3. Registration on the e-Shram portal is open to any worker in the unorganized sector aged between 16 and 59 years who is not a member of the EPFO or ESIC.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the e-Shram portal is specifically designed for unorganized workers aged 16-59 who are not members of EPFO or ESIC. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is a database for social security delivery and does not determine national minimum wages, which are governed by the Code on Wages, 2019. Statement 2 is incorrect because registration is voluntary and can be done via self-registration using Aadhaar-linked mobile numbers, not just through Common Service Centres, and the female registration share has consistently hovered around 52-53%, not 60%.
Consider the following statements regarding Legal status and enforcement mechanisms of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008:
1. Section 3 of the 2008 Act empowers the Central Government to formulate welfare schemes relating to life and disability cover, health and maternity benefits, and old age protection.
2. The National Social Security Board, constituted under the 2008 Act, holds the authority to levy a social security cess on private sector enterprises employing more than fifty contract workers.
3. The Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act was enacted by the Parliament of India in December 2008 to provide for the social security and welfare of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as Section 3 of the 2008 Act explicitly mandates the Central Government to formulate welfare schemes for unorganized workers covering life, disability, health, maternity, and old-age benefits. Statement 3 is correct because the Act was indeed enacted in December 2008 to provide a legislative framework for social security. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Act does not empower the National Social Security Board to levy any cess on private enterprises; the Board serves only in an advisory capacity to the Central Government regarding the implementation of the Act.
Consider the following statements regarding Definition and classification of unorganized sector workers under Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008:
1. Under the 2008 Act, the unorganized sector includes any enterprise owned by individuals or self-employed persons employing less than ten workers.
2. Registration on the e-Shram portal is linked with the Aadhaar number to facilitate the delivery of various social security schemes.
3. The definition of unorganized sector workers in the 2008 Act includes contract labourers working in establishments covered by the Factories Act, 1948, provided they earn below the minimum wage threshold.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, defines the unorganized sector as an enterprise owned by individuals or self-employed persons employing less than ten workers. Statement 2 is correct because the e-Shram portal uses Aadhaar-based authentication to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers for the efficient delivery of social security benefits. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Act explicitly excludes workers who are covered under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, or the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, regardless of their wage threshold.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-disaggregated analysis of e-Shram registration and labor force participation:
1. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation manages the e-Shram portal, which currently tracks the gender-disaggregated migration patterns of construction workers across all states.
2. Data from the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2022-23 indicates that the female labour force participation rate in India increased to 37.0 percent, reflecting trends captured in recent administrative datasets.
3. The e-Shram portal was inaugurated under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan in 2020, and it currently provides direct cash transfers to registered women workers through the Direct Benefit Transfer system.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the PLFS 2022-23 report confirms the Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) rose to 37.0 percent, a significant upward trend in women's economic engagement. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is managed by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, and its primary purpose is a national database for unorganized workers rather than tracking migration patterns. Statement 3 is incorrect because, while e-Shram was launched in 2021 (not 2020) to create a comprehensive database, it does not provide direct cash transfers to registered workers.
Consider the following statements regarding Registration eligibility criteria and the role of Common Service Centres (CSCs) in e-Shram onboarding:
1. The e-Shram initiative operates under the administrative framework of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, which provides for the direct transfer of monthly pension benefits to registered beneficiaries.
2. Individuals aged between 16 and 59 years who are not members of the Employees' Provident Fund Organization or the Employees' State Insurance Corporation are eligible for e-Shram registration.
3. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on 26 August 2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 2 and 3 are correct because the e-Shram portal was launched on 26 August 2021 by the Ministry of Labour and Employment to create a national database for workers aged 16-59 who are not EPFO or ESIC members. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is a digital database initiative and does not operate under the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, nor does it provide for direct monthly pension transfers to registered beneficiaries.
Consider the following statements regarding Gender-disaggregated analysis of e-Shram registration and labor force participation:
1. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
2. The e-Shram portal utilizes the Aadhaar-seeded database to facilitate the delivery of social security schemes, including the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana.
3. As of mid-2023, female registrations on the e-Shram portal accounted for approximately 52.8 percent of the total registered workforce.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on August 26, 2021, to build a centralized database of unorganized workers. Statement 2 is correct because the portal is Aadhaar-seeded, enabling the seamless delivery of welfare benefits such as the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY). Statement 3 is correct as government data from mid-2023 confirms that female participation in e-Shram registrations reached approximately 52.8 percent, reflecting a significant shift in the formalization of the female unorganized workforce.
Consider the following statements regarding Inter-operability between e-Shram and Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY):
1. Under the interoperability framework, the e-Shram database is linked with the National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) to streamline social security delivery.
2. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has enabled a feature on the e-Shram portal that allows workers to update their current occupational details and address information.
3. The integration of the e-Shram database with the AB-PMJAY system was formally inaugurated under the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) Act of 2019 to provide universal health insurance to all registered construction workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal serves as the National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) to facilitate the delivery of social security schemes. Statement 2 is correct because the Ministry of Labour and Employment continuously updates the portal to allow workers to modify their occupational and address details for better scheme targeting. Statement 3 is incorrect because the integration between e-Shram and AB-PMJAY is an administrative initiative to provide health coverage to unorganized workers, and it is not governed by the PM-SYM Act of 2019, which is a separate pension scheme.
Consider the following statements regarding Portability of social security benefits through Universal Account Number (UAN) mapping:
1. The Ministry of Rural Development maintains the e-Shram portal to ensure that social security schemes like the Jan Dhan Yojana provide life insurance coverage to all registered laborers.
2. The e-Shram database is designed to be interoperable with the National Career Service portal, facilitating the portability of social security benefits for migrant workers across different states.
3. The UAN generated via the e-Shram portal is linked to the Unified Portal of the Ministry of Skill Development, which allows for the tracking of apprenticeship training hours for informal sector employees.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the e-Shram portal is integrated with the National Career Service (NCS) to provide job opportunities and ensure portability of social security benefits for migrant workers. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is maintained by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Rural Development. Statement 3 is incorrect because the UAN is not linked to the Ministry of Skill Development for apprenticeship tracking; instead, it is primarily designed to integrate with various social security schemes under the Ministry of Labour and Employment to provide a comprehensive database for unorganized workers.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of e-Shram in disaster management and emergency relief distribution:
1. The e-Shram portal includes provisions for the automated disbursement of unemployment insurance benefits, which were introduced in the 2022-23 Union Budget to support workers affected by industrial disasters.
2. The Ministry of Rural Development maintains the e-Shram portal to integrate data from the MGNREGA scheme, allowing for the real-time tracking of disaster-affected workers across rural districts.
3. As of mid-2023, the e-Shram portal recorded the registration of over 290 million workers, providing a digitized record for the delivery of social security schemes.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the e-Shram portal, launched in August 2021, successfully registered over 290 million unorganized workers by mid-2023 to facilitate the delivery of social security schemes. Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal does not provide automated unemployment insurance benefits, nor were such provisions introduced in the 2022-23 Union Budget for industrial disasters. Statement 2 is incorrect because the portal is maintained by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Rural Development, and its primary purpose is to create a national database of unorganized workers rather than integrating MGNREGA data for rural disaster tracking.
Consider the following statements regarding Data privacy and security architecture of the e-Shram database under Digital Personal Data Protection Act:
1. The e-Shram portal, launched in August 2021, functions as a Data Fiduciary under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023, which classifies the Ministry of Labour and Employment as a Significant Data Fiduciary.
2. Under the current security architecture, the e-Shram database utilizes the Aadhaar-based authentication framework, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act permits the storage of biometric data within the portal's local servers for indefinite periods.
3. The e-Shram database integrates with the UMANG platform for service delivery, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act provides for the automatic deletion of inactive worker profiles after a duration of twelve months.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Ministry of Labour and Employment acts as a Data Fiduciary, but the DPDP Act, 2023 does not automatically classify government ministries as 'Significant Data Fiduciaries' without specific notification by the Central Government. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Aadhaar Act and DPDP Act prohibit the storage of biometric data by the portal itself, requiring authentication through UIDAI servers instead. Statement 3 is incorrect because while e-Shram integrates with UMANG, the DPDP Act does not mandate the automatic deletion of inactive profiles after twelve months, as data retention is governed by the purpose of processing and specific departmental guidelines.
Consider the following statements regarding Comparison of e-Shram with international labor database models for informal sector management:
1. Registration on the e-Shram portal is categorized into 400 distinct occupations across various sectors, allowing for targeted policy interventions based on skill sets.
2. The Indonesian government's SIKS-NG system maintains a dynamic database of social welfare recipients, which parallels the e-Shram mechanism for real-time updates of worker profiles.
3. As of mid-2023, the e-Shram portal recorded over 290 million registrations, facilitating the delivery of social security schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal utilizes the National Classification of Occupations (NCO) to categorize workers into approximately 400 distinct job roles to facilitate targeted policy delivery. Statement 2 is correct because Indonesia’s SIKS-NG (Sistem Informasi Kesejahteraan Sosial-Next Generation) serves as a comparable integrated database that enables real-time updates and verification of social welfare beneficiaries, mirroring the e-Shram objective of dynamic profile management. Statement 3 is correct as the portal surpassed 290 million registrations by mid-2023, effectively acting as a digital bridge to link unorganized workers with social security initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY).
Consider the following statements regarding e-Shram as a tool for skill mapping and labor market demand-supply matching:
1. The registration process on e-Shram involves the collection of biometric data through the Unique Identification Authority of India, which is then verified by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation.
2. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021, to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
3. The e-Shram portal is managed by the National Informatics Centre under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, providing direct cash transfers to registered workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on August 26, 2021, to build a national database of unorganized workers. Statement 1 is incorrect because while the portal uses Aadhaar-based authentication via UIDAI, it is not verified by the EPFO, which manages formal sector social security. Statement 3 is incorrect because the portal is managed by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, and it functions as a database rather than a direct cash transfer platform.
Consider the following statements regarding Financial inclusion outcomes linked to e-Shram and Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY):
1. The registration process on the e-Shram portal involves a mandatory verification through the National Skill Development Corporation database to ensure eligibility for the PMSBY premium waiver.
2. The Ministry of Finance introduced the e-Shram portal in 2021 to link informal sector employment data with the existing Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile trinity for pension disbursement.
3. The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is administered through public sector general insurance companies and other private insurance companies in partnership with participating banks.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as PMSBY is implemented by public and private sector general insurance companies in collaboration with participating banks. Statement 1 is incorrect because e-Shram registration is verified via the Aadhaar-linked UIDAI database, not the National Skill Development Corporation, and PMSBY premiums are auto-debited rather than waived. Statement 2 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Finance, and its primary objective is creating a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers, not pension disbursement.
Consider the following statements regarding Social security coverage gaps for migrant workers identified via e-Shram data:
1. As of 2023, the e-Shram portal has facilitated the registration of over 290 million unorganized workers across various states and union territories in India.
2. The Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) pension scheme is linked with the e-Shram portal to enable eligible unorganized workers to access old-age protection benefits.
3. The Social Security Code, 2020, seeks to provide a legislative framework for the extension of social security benefits to unorganized workers, including those identified via the e-Shram database.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct: the e-Shram portal has successfully registered over 290 million workers, creating a comprehensive national database for the unorganized sector. The PM-SYM pension scheme is integrated with e-Shram to streamline the enrollment of eligible workers into old-age social security, while the Social Security Code, 2020, provides the overarching legislative mandate to extend benefits like maternity, disability, and pension coverage to these workers using the e-Shram data as a foundation.
Consider the following statements regarding Financial inclusion outcomes linked to e-Shram and Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY):
1. The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana provides for a partial disability cover of Rs 1 lakh, and the scheme is currently managed by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation.
2. The e-Shram portal was launched under the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, which provides for the automatic enrollment of all registered workers into the Atal Pension Yojana.
3. As of mid-2023, the e-Shram database has registered over 29 crore unorganized workers across various sectors including construction, agriculture, and domestic work.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct as the e-Shram portal successfully registered over 29 crore workers by mid-2023 to create a comprehensive national database. Statement 1 is incorrect because PMSBY is administered by the Department of Financial Services under the Ministry of Finance, not the EPFO, and provides Rs 1 lakh for partial disability and Rs 2 lakh for accidental death/total disability. Statement 2 is incorrect because while e-Shram is a Ministry of Labour and Employment initiative, it does not mandate automatic enrollment into the Atal Pension Yojana, which remains a voluntary contributory pension scheme.
Consider the following statements regarding Social security coverage gaps for migrant workers identified via e-Shram data:
1. The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana, introduced in October 2020, functions as the primary financial instrument for the e-Shram portal to provide direct cash transfers to migrant workers during inter-state transit.
2. The Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008 provides the statutory basis for the e-Shram portal and establishes a mandatory contribution mechanism for migrant workers in the construction sector.
3. The e-Shram portal is governed by the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy of 2012, which allows for the automatic transfer of migrant worker records to the Public Distribution System (PDS) database.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana incentivizes employers to create new jobs, not provide direct cash transfers to migrants. Statement 2 is false as the e-Shram portal is an administrative initiative under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not a statutory mandate under the 2008 Act, which does not impose mandatory contributions for construction workers. Statement 3 is incorrect because while the portal integrates with various schemes, it is not governed by the 2012 Data Sharing Policy for automatic PDS transfers, as data sharing is subject to specific inter-departmental protocols and consent frameworks.
Consider the following statements regarding Financial inclusion outcomes linked to e-Shram and Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY):
1. The e-Shram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on 26 August 2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
2. Under the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, a risk coverage of Rs 2 lakh is provided for accidental death and full disability, with a premium of Rs 20 per annum.
3. The e-Shram portal allows for the seeding of Aadhaar-linked bank accounts to facilitate the direct transfer of social security benefits to registered unorganized workers.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the e-Shram portal on 26 August 2021 to register unorganized workers on a national scale. Statement 2 is correct because PMSBY provides Rs 2 lakh for accidental death and full permanent disability, and Rs 1 lakh for partial permanent disability, at an annual premium of Rs 20. Statement 3 is correct as the e-Shram portal integrates Aadhaar-seeded bank accounts to ensure seamless delivery of social security benefits and financial assistance directly to the beneficiaries.
Consider the following statements regarding e-Shram as a tool for skill mapping and labor market demand-supply matching:
1. The database architecture of e-Shram is linked with the Udyam portal to provide micro-entrepreneurs with priority access to credit facilities under the Mudra Yojana.
2. The e-Shram initiative operates under the framework of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act of 2008, which grants the portal legal authority to regulate minimum wage standards for registered laborers.
3. The e-Shram platform includes provisions for the automatic enrollment of workers into the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan scheme, which is overseen by the Ministry of Finance.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
All three statements are incorrect because the e-Shram portal is primarily a comprehensive database for unorganized workers and is not linked to the Udyam portal for Mudra credit, nor does it possess legal authority to regulate minimum wages, which remains the mandate of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. Furthermore, the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) scheme is overseen by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Finance, and it does not feature automatic enrollment for e-Shram registrants, as PM-SYM requires a separate voluntary application process.
Consider the following statements regarding Comparison of e-Shram with international labor database models for informal sector management:
1. Brazil's Cadastro Único system serves as a social registry that identifies low-income families for federal programs, sharing functional similarities with the e-Shram architecture.
2. The e-Shram database utilizes the Aadhaar-based authentication process to ensure the uniqueness of worker registration and prevent duplication of records.
3. The ILO Recommendation No. 204 emphasizes the transition from the informal to the formal economy, a principle reflected in the data-driven approach of the e-Shram portal.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as Brazil's Cadastro Único functions as a comprehensive social registry, mirroring e-Shram's objective of mapping informal workers for targeted social security delivery. Statement 2 is correct because e-Shram leverages Aadhaar-based e-KYC to ensure de-duplication and unique identification of workers across the national database. Statement 3 is correct as the ILO Recommendation No. 204 (2015) advocates for integrated data systems to formalize the labor market, a goal e-Shram directly supports by creating a centralized, digital repository of informal sector workers.
Consider the following statements regarding Registration eligibility criteria and the role of Common Service Centres (CSCs) in e-Shram onboarding:
1. Common Service Centres (CSCs) facilitate the e-Shram onboarding process by providing biometric authentication services and digital literacy support to workers in rural and remote areas.
2. The e-Shram database is linked with the Aadhaar platform, allowing for the verification of worker details through the Unique Identification Authority of India's existing records.
3. Workers engaged in agricultural activities are eligible for e-Shram registration if they possess a Kisan Credit Card, which serves as the primary proof of occupation for the database entry.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as CSCs act as the primary grassroots interface for e-Shram, providing free-of-cost registration services and biometric authentication for workers lacking digital access. Statement 2 is correct because the portal is integrated with the Aadhaar platform, ensuring deduplication and real-time verification of worker identities. Statement 3 is incorrect because while agricultural workers are eligible, a Kisan Credit Card is not a mandatory requirement; registration is based on self-declaration, and any worker aged 16-59 who is not a member of EPFO or ESIC can register.
Consider the following statements regarding Registration eligibility criteria and the role of Common Service Centres (CSCs) in e-Shram onboarding:
1. The National Career Service portal serves as the primary backend database for e-Shram, allowing registered workers to access state-sponsored unemployment insurance schemes automatically.
2. Common Service Centres receive a fixed commission of 50 rupees per registration from the Ministry of Finance, which oversees the budgetary allocation for the e-Shram digital infrastructure.
3. Registration on the e-Shram portal is open to workers earning up to 2.5 lakh rupees annually, and the system automatically updates income data through the Income Tax Department's portal.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is integrated with the National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW), not the National Career Service, and it does not provide automatic access to unemployment insurance. Statement 2 is incorrect as CSCs receive a nominal fee (typically Rs 20) per registration from the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not the Ministry of Finance. Statement 3 is incorrect because e-Shram is exclusively for unorganized workers who are not members of EPFO/ESIC and are not income-tax payers; the system does not link to the Income Tax Department to automatically update income data.
Consider the following statements regarding Fiscal implications of universal social security coverage for e-Shram registrants:
1. Data portability between the e-Shram portal and the Ayushman Bharat scheme is governed by the 2018 Digital Health Authority guidelines, which permit the automatic upgrading of insurance coverage for all registered workers.
2. Under the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), e-Shram registrants are eligible for an accidental death and permanent disability insurance cover of Rs 2 lakh.
3. The Shram Suvidha Portal functions as the primary payment gateway for e-Shram, facilitating the disbursement of monthly income support grants as proposed in the 2022 Union Budget.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct because the e-Shram portal integrates with the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), providing registered unorganized workers with Rs 2 lakh coverage for accidental death and permanent disability. Statement 1 is incorrect as there is no such '2018 Digital Health Authority' mandate for automatic insurance upgrades; data sharing between e-Shram and other schemes remains subject to specific inter-ministerial protocols rather than automatic universal coverage. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Shram Suvidha Portal is designed for labor law compliance and inspection reporting, not as a payment gateway for income support, and no such universal monthly income grant was proposed in the 2022 Union Budget.
Consider the following statements regarding Challenges in real-time data updation and verification of e-Shram profiles:
1. Section 14 of the Code on Social Security, 2020, provides the legislative framework for the registration of unorganized workers, which serves as the foundation for the e-Shram initiative.
2. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has integrated the e-Shram portal with the National Career Service (NCS) portal to facilitate job matching for registered workers.
3. The National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) project is overseen by the National Informatics Centre, and it encompasses the automatic updation of worker profiles through the monthly synchronization of bank account transaction logs.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct as Section 14 of the Code on Social Security, 2020, mandates the registration of unorganized workers for social security benefits, forming the legal basis for the e-Shram portal. Statement 2 is correct because the Ministry of Labour and Employment has integrated e-Shram with the National Career Service (NCS) to provide employment opportunities and skill development access to registered workers. Statement 3 is incorrect because, while the National Informatics Centre (NIC) developed the portal, there is no provision for the automatic updation of worker profiles via bank transaction logs; updates must be performed manually by the workers themselves through the portal or Common Service Centres.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of e-Shram in disaster management and emergency relief distribution:
1. Data collected on the e-Shram portal is linked with the Aadhaar-based authentication system to ensure the uniqueness of the records of registered workers.
2. The e-Shram portal allows for the mapping of workers based on their geographical location and skill sets, which assists disaster management authorities in identifying vulnerable populations during natural calamities.
3. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the e-Shram database facilitated the direct transfer of ex-gratia payments to migrant workers identified through the portal's registration process.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
All three statements are correct. Statement 1 is true as e-Shram uses Aadhaar-based authentication to prevent duplication and ensure unique identification. Statement 2 is accurate because the portal captures granular data on location and skills, enabling targeted disaster response and resource allocation. Statement 3 is correct as the database was specifically utilized to streamline the delivery of social security benefits and ex-gratia support to unorganized and migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis.
Consider the following statements regarding Legal status and enforcement mechanisms of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008:
1. The e-Shram portal functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Rural Development and was integrated with the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act database in 2022.
2. The 2008 Act establishes the State Social Security Boards as the primary judicial authorities for resolving disputes between registered workers and the state-level welfare implementing agencies.
3. Section 10 of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act provides for the automatic enrollment of workers into the Employees' Provident Fund Organization upon completion of one year of portal registration.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the e-Shram portal is under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, not Rural Development. Statement 2 is incorrect as the 2008 Act does not designate State Social Security Boards as judicial authorities; they are advisory bodies meant to recommend welfare schemes, and the Act lacks specific dispute resolution mechanisms. Statement 3 is incorrect because the 2008 Act does not mandate automatic enrollment into the EPFO, which remains governed by the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
Consider the following statements regarding Data privacy and security architecture of the e-Shram database under Digital Personal Data Protection Act:
1. The e-Shram portal facilitates the delivery of the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan scheme, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act allows the government to process worker data for purposes unrelated to the original collection intent without notification.
2. The e-Shram registration process involves the collection of bank account details for direct benefit transfers, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act exempts the portal from appointing a Data Protection Officer due to its status as a government-run initiative.
3. The e-Shram portal provides a unique 12-digit identification number to workers, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act establishes that the Data Fiduciary is exempt from the right to erasure if the data is linked to any central welfare scheme.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the DPDP Act mandates that personal data must be processed only for the specific purpose for which consent was given or for legitimate uses defined by law, not for unrelated purposes without notification. Statement 2 is incorrect as the Act does not provide a blanket exemption for government portals from appointing a Data Protection Officer; significant data fiduciaries, including government entities, are required to appoint one. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Act grants data principals the right to erasure (right to be forgotten) subject to specific conditions, and there is no provision that grants a blanket exemption to Data Fiduciaries simply because data is linked to a central welfare scheme.
Consider the following statements regarding Integration of e-Shram portal with National Career Service (NCS) and UMANG platforms:
1. The NCS portal incorporates the e-Shram database to provide for the automatic allocation of vocational training slots to registered workers based on their geographical location and skill sets identified during registration.
2. The UMANG platform hosts the e-Shram service, enabling users to update their profile details and download their Universal Account Number (UAN) cards using mobile-based authentication.
3. Data interoperability between e-Shram and the NCS portal is facilitated through the Application Programming Interface (API) framework developed by the National Informatics Centre.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the integration between e-Shram and the National Career Service (NCS) portal is designed for job discovery and employment opportunities, not for the automatic allocation of vocational training slots. Statement 2 is correct as the UMANG app provides a unified interface for e-Shram services, allowing workers to easily update profiles and download UAN cards. Statement 3 is correct because the Ministry of Labour and Employment utilizes an API-based framework, supported by the National Informatics Centre, to ensure seamless data interoperability and information exchange between the e-Shram database and the NCS portal.
Consider the following statements regarding Data privacy and security architecture of the e-Shram database under Digital Personal Data Protection Act:
1. The Ministry of Labour and Employment maintains the e-Shram registry, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act grants the Data Protection Board the authority to directly manage the day-to-day cybersecurity operations of the portal.
2. The e-Shram database is hosted on the National Informatics Centre cloud infrastructure, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act categorizes all registered unorganized workers as 'Children' for the purpose of enhanced data protection safeguards.
3. The e-Shram portal captures occupational data for social security mapping, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act allows the sharing of this data with private insurance companies without obtaining specific consent from the registered worker.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the Data Protection Board is an adjudicatory body for grievance redressal and non-compliance, not an operational entity managing day-to-day cybersecurity for government portals. Statement 2 is incorrect as the DPDP Act defines a child as an individual under 18 years of age, and the e-Shram portal registers workers aged 16-59, meaning not all users are classified as children. Statement 3 is incorrect because the DPDP Act mandates 'free, specific, informed, unconditional, and unambiguous' consent for processing personal data, and the government cannot share sensitive worker data with private entities without explicit authorization from the data principal.
Consider the following statements regarding Institutional framework of the National Social Security Board for Unorganized Workers:
1. The Board includes representatives from the NITI Aayog and the Ministry of Finance, and it maintains a corpus fund generated through a 1% cess on the annual turnover of registered micro-enterprises.
2. The e-Shram portal, launched in August 2021, functions as a centralized database to facilitate the delivery of social security benefits to registered unorganized workers.
3. Under the 2008 Act, the Board is tasked with recommending suitable welfare schemes for unorganized workers to the Central Government.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is correct as the e-Shram portal was launched in August 2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers for targeted welfare delivery. Statement 3 is correct because the Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, mandates the National Social Security Board to advise the Central Government on formulating suitable welfare schemes. Statement 1 is incorrect because the 2008 Act does not provide for a 1% cess on micro-enterprises; the Board is primarily an advisory body, and its funding is allocated through budgetary support rather than a specific turnover-based cess.
Consider the following statements regarding Legal status and enforcement mechanisms of the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008:
1. The e-Shram portal, launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment in August 2021, serves as a comprehensive database for the registration of unorganized workers across the country.
2. Under the 2008 Act, the National Social Security Board is chaired by the Union Minister for Labour and Employment to advise the government on suitable welfare schemes.
3. Registration on the e-Shram portal is linked with the Aadhaar database, facilitating the delivery of various social security benefits through the Direct Benefit Transfer mechanism.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
The e-Shram portal, launched in August 2021, acts as the first-ever national database of unorganized workers, integrated with Aadhaar for seamless identity verification and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of welfare schemes. Under the Unorganized Workers' Social Security Act, 2008, the National Social Security Board is indeed chaired by the Union Minister for Labour and Employment to provide policy recommendations to the Central Government. As all three statements accurately reflect the legal framework and operational mechanisms of the portal and the Act, they are entirely correct.
Consider the following statements regarding Analysis of National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) for evidence-based policy formulation:
1. The data collected on the e-Shram platform is linked with the Aadhaar-based authentication system to ensure the uniqueness of the registered worker profiles.
2. As of mid-2024, the e-Shram portal has registered over 300 million workers, with the highest share of registrations belonging to the agriculture and construction sectors.
3. Under the e-Shram initiative, registered workers are eligible for the accidental insurance cover of Rs 2 lakh through the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal uses Aadhaar-based authentication to prevent duplication and ensure unique identity verification for every registrant. Statement 2 is correct because the portal has successfully onboarded over 300 million workers, with agriculture and construction sectors consistently accounting for the largest share of registrations. Statement 3 is correct because every worker registered on the e-Shram portal is automatically covered under the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), providing an accidental insurance cover of Rs 2 lakh for death or permanent disability.
Consider the following statements regarding Role of e-Shram in Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) and last-mile delivery of welfare schemes:
1. As of mid-2024, the e-Shram portal has successfully registered over 300 million workers across various sectors of the unorganized economy.
2. Data collected through the e-Shram portal is shared with various state governments to facilitate the delivery of state-specific welfare benefits and social security schemes.
3. The portal allows for the self-registration of workers, including migrant workers, construction workers, and gig and platform workers, without the need for physical documentation.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the e-Shram portal, launched in August 2021, has surpassed 300 million registrations by mid-2024, creating a comprehensive National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW). Statement 2 is correct because the Ministry of Labour and Employment shares this data with states to enable seamless integration and delivery of welfare schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PMSYM). Statement 3 is correct as the portal utilizes Aadhaar-based authentication for self-registration, eliminating the need for physical documentation and ensuring accessibility for migrant, construction, and gig workers.